Mary I
(18 February 1516 ? 17 November 1558), also known as
Mary Tudor of Greenwich
, was
Queen regnant
of
England
and
Ireland
from 19 July 1553 until her death. She was the oldest daughter of
Henry VIII
, and the only child of
Catherine of Aragon
who survived childhood.
Mary succeeded her short-lived
half-brother
,
Edward VI
, to the English throne. She was the fourth crowned
monarch
of the
Tudor dynasty
. Mary is remembered for briefly re-making
England
a
Roman Catholic
country
.
Mary had more than 280 disagreeing
religious
people burned at the stake,
[2]
which are recorded in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Due to this, many called her "
Bloody Mary
". Her half sister on her fathers side,
Elizabeth I
, came to the throne after Mary's death. Elizabeth made England
Protestant
again and persecuted Catholics who were viewed as "traitor".
Mary Tudor was born on 18 February 1516, in the Palace of Placentia in
Greenwich
. Unlike the other children of Catherine, she lived to be an adult. Her
godfather
was the famous Cardinal
Thomas Wolsey
.
In 1521, The five Year Old Mary Was betrothed To The three Year Old Duke of Brittany, Francis.
Later Childhood And Godmotherhood
[
change
|
change source
]
Although she was not the son and heir
Henry VIII
wanted, she was loved by her parents. When she was about 11, Henry decided to divorce Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry
Anne Boleyn
.
After Anne Boleyn had
a daughter
, Henry VlII distrusted Mary and thought that her behavior came from her mother. So he purposefully separated Mary and Catherine of Aragon.
[3]
He also banished them both from court and he removed Mary from the
order of succession
.
[4]
Mary had to become one of her servants. After Anne Boleyn was killed by the King, Mary's half-sister also became a servant. A month later, Henry VIII married
Jane Seymour
. Queen Jane gave birth to
Edward, Prince of Wales
. 12 days later, Queen Jane died.
Mary lost a faithful friend and also her pride. She had acknowledged her parents' marriage as invalid and herself an illegitimate daughter. The rest of Mary's life with Henry VIII gave her a quick succession of stepmothers. Henry VIII died soon after marrying his last wife, Catherine Parr.
Henry had decided that the young prince was to succeed him. If he had no heirs then his older half-sister, Mary, was to be Queen.
If Mary did not produce a child, then Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth, was to be Queen. After Elizabeth and her heirs, would come Henry's sister Mary Tudor's side of the family.
Edward succeeded to the throne as King of England and Ireland. Edward began to show signs of a coughing disease.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Mary’s Cousin And Later Father-in-Law
Edward did not want Mary to succeed him. Edward went ahead with a plan to let his Protestant cousin
Lady Jane Grey
become Queen after he died. Lady Jane Grey was only queen of England for nine days. Mary executed her and married
Philip II of Spain
.
Mary had two phantom pregnancies (or false pregnancies), but had no child. The phantom pregnancies were cancer in her liver. After Mary died Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, becoming the new Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Name
|
Born
|
Died
|
Stillborn child
|
April 1555
|
April 1555
|
Stillborn twins
|
c.
1556
|
1556
|
|
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