Kaja Kallas
(born 18 June 1977) is an
Estonian
politician and
lawyer
. She is the
Prime Minister of Estonia
since 26 January 2021. She is the first woman to be Prime Minister of Estonia.
[1]
She has been the leader of the
Reform Party
since 2018. She has been a Member of the
Riigikogu
from 2011 to 2014 and since 2019. Kallas was a
Member of the European Parliament
from 2014 to 2018. Before entering politics, Kallas was a lawyer that focused on
European Union law
.
During her time in the
European Parliament
, Kallas became popular for her knowledge of technology and business policies. She worked on the
Digital Single Market
strategy and
consumer protection
policies. At the end of her term, she was called by
Politico
as one of the 40 most influential MEPs, and one of the most powerful women in
Brussels
.
[2]
Kallas became prime minister in 2021 following
Juri Ratas
' resignation after a
corruption
scandal, leading her to create a Reform-led
coalition government
with the
Centre Party
. Her father was former Prime Minister
Siim Kallas
.
During her time as prime minister, Kallas became well known for her support of
Ukraine
during the
Russian invasion of the country
in 2022.
[3]
Her support of Ukraine led the
New Statesman
to call her "Europe's New
Iron Lady
".
[4]
Kallas helped delivered more military equipment to Ukraine in terms of
GDP per capita
than any other country in the world.
[5]
A critic of
Russia
, she supports Ukraine's right to defend itself while asking other countries to help out.
[6]
In July 2022, her second government was sworn-in, which was a three-party
coalition
by the Reform Party,
Social Democratic Party
, and
Isamaa
.
[7]
In March 2023, Kallas led the Reform Party to victory in the
2023 parliamentary election
, increasing the party's seat count in the
Riigikogu
by three seats. After the election result, Kallas created a coalition government with
Estonia 200
and the Social Democratic Party.
Kallas was born in
Tallinn
on 18 June 1977. Her father
Siim Kallas
is a former
Prime Minister of Estonia
.
[1]
When her mother, Krisit, was six months old, she was
deported
from the
Soviet Union
during its occupation of the
Baltic states
in 1940.
[8]
Kallas graduated from the
University of Tartu
in 1999 with a
bachelor's degree
in law. She lived in
France
and
Finland
for a short while so that she could study
European law
.
[9]
From 2007, she went to the Estonian Business School where she earned an
Executive Master of Business Administration
(EMBA) in 2010.
[10]
[11]
Kallas became a member of the
Estonian Bar Association
in 1999, and an
attorney-at-law
in 2002.
[12]
She became a partner in
law firm
Luiga Mody Haal Borenius and Tark & Co, and worked at the
Estonian Business School
.
[12]
She is also a member of the European Antitrust Alliance.
[12]
In 2011, she was no longer an active member of the Estonian Bar Association.
[12]
In November 2018, Kallas wrote her memoir
MEP: 4 aastat Euroopa Parlamendis
(
MEP: Four Years in the European Parliament
), in which she wrote about her life and work in
Brussels
from 2014 to 2018.
[13]
In 2010, Kallas joined the
Estonian Reform Party
.
[12]
In the
2011 parliamentary elections
, she won a seat in the
Riigikogu
.
[12]
She was a member of the 12th Parliament of Estonia and chaired the Economic Affairs Committee from 2011 to 2014.
[12]
Returning to national politics, on 13 December 2017, the Reform Party leader
Hanno Pevkur
announced that he would no longer run for the party leadership in January 2018, and wanted Kallas to replace him.
[14]
Kallas announced on 15 December 2017 that she would run in the leadership election.
[15]
Kallas won the leadership election held on 14 April 2018 and became the first female leader of a major political party in Estonia.
[16]
In the
2019 Estonian parliamentary election
on 3 March, the Reform Party led by Kallas won about 29% of the vote, with the
Estonian Centre Party
taking 23%.
[17]
The Centre Party were able to form a second cabinet in
Juri Ratas
' government.
[18]
On 14 November 2020, Kallas was re-elected as leader of the Reform Party at a Reform Party Assembly.
[19]
In 2014, Kallas was elected to the
European Parliament
, winning 21,498 votes.
[12]
In the European Parliament, Kallas was on several committees that focused on businesses, energy and
consumer protection
.
[20]
She was a vice-chair of the Delegation to the EU?Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee as well as a member of the Delegation to the
Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
and Delegation for relations with the
United States
.
[20]
Kallas was a
member of the European Parliament
Intergroup on the Digital Agenda,
[21]
and was also a vice-chair of the Youth Intergroup.
[22]
Kallas worked on the
Digital Single Market
strategy, energy, and consumer policies, and relations with
Ukraine
.
[20]
She defended the rights of small businesses, and defended digital companies.
[20]
She is a supporter of the idea that
regulations
cannot slow down the creation of new technologies.
[20]
Kallas was in charge of six
reports
: opinion on the ePrivacy Regulation,
[23]
civil law rules on
robotics
,
[24]
on the Annual report on EU Competition Policy,
[25]
and on Delivering a New Deal for Energy Consumers,
[26]
legislation on Custom
infringements
and
sanctions
,
[27]
and the report on the
Digital Single Market.
[28]
During her time in Parliament, she was also nominated as a European Young Leader (EYL40).
[29]
At the end of her term, she was called by
Politico
as one of the 40 most influential MEPs, and one of the most powerful women in
Brussels
for her understanding of technological issues.
[2]
[30]
[31]
On 25 January 2021, after the resignation of
Juri Ratas
as prime minister after a
corruption
scandal, Kallas's first cabinet, a Reform-led
coalition government
with the Centre Party, was formed.
[32]
She became the first female prime minister in Estonia's history.
[33]
After her resignation on 14 July 2022, Kallas' second
cabinet
was sworn in on 18 July.
[34]
[35]
The new government was a three-party coalition by the Reform Party,
Social Democratic Party
, and Isamaa.
[7]
Her last government had lost its parliamentary
majority
after the Centre Party left the coalition.
[7]
In March 2023, Kallas led the Reform Party to victory in the
2023 parliamentary election
, increasing the party's seat count in the
Riigikogu
by three seats.
[36]
[37]
[38]
After the election result, Kallas created a coalition government with
Estonia 200
and the Social Democratic Party.
[39]
Her third cabinet was sworn in on 17 April.
[40]
[41]
[42]
In her time as prime minister, the
2021?2023 global energy crisis
had an impact on the Estonian economy.
[43]
Businesses were forced to temporarily shut down, while the public asked the government to help pay for the high
electricity
and
heating
prices.
[43]
Kallas, at first, did not want the government to help out, saying that the government should search for better solutions instead of handing out government benefits.
[44]
The energy crisis nearly ended the coalition government.
[45]
Kallas said in a speech that the high cost of
natural gas
and the effects of the
Russia-Ukraine crisis
was causing the increase in energy prices.
[46]
She said that the
green energy
measures Estonia created limited what the government could do to handle the crisis.
[46]
In January 2022, Kallas announced a 245 million euro plan to lower the cost of energy from September 2021 to March 2022.
[46]
The energy crisis had made her unpopular.
[47]
In June 2023, the government passed a bill legalising
same-sex marriage
and same-sex
adoption
in Estonia.
[48]
The bill will come into effect on 1 January 2024, making Estonia the first
Baltic
state and country formerly occupied by the
Soviet Union
to legalise same-sex marriage and adoption.
[49]
[50]
During the
2021?2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
, Kallas said that the
Nord Stream 2
natural gas pipeline was "a
geopolitical
project not an economic one" and wanted the pipeline project to end.
[51]
She also said that Europe's use of Russian natural gas was a large political problem.
[51]
In January 2022, Kallas said that Estonia would give
howitzers
to Ukraine to help them defend themselves during a Russian invasion.
[52]
The howitzers were made in
Germany
so Kallas needed to wait for their approval first.
[53]
When Germany took awhile to respond, Estonia sent American-made
Javelin anti-tank missiles
instead in the first weeks of February 2022.
[54]
After Russia's recognition of the
Donetsk
and
Luhansk
people's republics, Kallas wanted the
European Union
to
sanction
Russia.
[55]
Kallas' leadership was praised during the Russia-Ukraine crisis.
[56]
Her approval rating were high, making her Estonia's most popular politician.
[57]
After the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
started on 24 February, Estonia along with other allies pushed for
NATO
to start
Article 4
.
[58]
Kallas promised to support Ukraine with political and weaponry support.
[59]
By April 2022, 0.8% of Estonia's
GDP
in military equipment had been given to Ukraine.
[4]
Her support of Ukraine led the
New Statesman
to call her "Europe's New
Iron Lady
".
[4]
She also strongly supported the idea of Ukraine being added to the European Union.
[3]
In April 2022, she warned against "peace at any price" with Russia.
[6]
As prime minister, Kallas delivered more military equipment to Ukraine in terms of
GDP per capita
than any other country in the world.
[5]
In September 2022, she made it harder for Russian
tourists
to travel to Estonia.
[60]
In February 2023, Kallas was mentioned as a possible candidate to replace
NATO
Secretary-General
Jens Stoltenberg
,
[61]
however, outgoing
Dutch Prime Minister
Mark Rutte
was picked instead in June 2024.
[62]
She rejected any peace agreement that would give any part of Ukrainian territory to Russia.
[63]
Kallas condemned
Hamas
' actions during the
2023 Israel?Hamas war
and showed her support to
Israel
and its right to self-defence, however said that Israel "must do so in a way that spares innocent lives and adheres to the norms of
international law
".
[64]
She said the problems in the
Middle East
were a distraction to the "free world" from supporting Ukraine.
[64]
Stark Logistics and Metaprint scandal
[
change
|
change source
]
In August 2023, the media reported that Kallas's husband, Arvo Hallik, had a 24.9% share in the transportation company Stark Logistics, which had continued to work in Russia following the
Russian invasion of Ukraine
.
[65]
This was controversial because Kallas wanted Estonian companies to stop working with Russia.
[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]
[70]
The company had generated earned €1.5 million in
revenue
from its business in Russia since the beginning of the invasion.
[71]
Kallas said that her husband did have a share in the company, but said they did nothing wrong. She said her husband was helping an Estonian client, later discovered to be Metaprint, to end its business deals in Russia.
[72]
Stark Logistics supported Kallas's claim that the company's dealings in Russia were to help an Estonian client end their production in the country.
[73]
[74]
It was later reported that Metaprint sold €17 million worth of goods to Russia between the start of the invasion in February 2022 and November 2022.
[75]
[76]
[77]
President of Estonia
Alar Karis
said that he was worried that Estonia's credibility was ruined and that its allies would have a hard time trusting them.
[78]
[79]
Two opinion polls showed that a majority of people believed that Kallas should resign due to the scandal.
[80]
[71]
Kallas continued to refuse to resign in September 2023, calling the controversy a "witch-hunt" by political opponents.
[81]
On 13 February 2024, Russian officials said that Kallas had been put on the
Russian interior ministry's
register of people wanted on criminal charges.
[82]
This is because Kallas removed
Soviet
World War II
monuments in Estonia.
[82]
Kallas is the first head of government known to be added to the register by Russian officials.
[83]
Kallas ignored the warrant and called it a "scare
tactic
" by Russia.
[84]
Kallas was married to Roomet Leiger from 2002 to 2006.
[85]
Until 2014, she lived together with former Estonian politician and businessman
Taavi Veskimagi
.
[86]
Kallas and Veskimagi have one son.
[86]
In 2018, she married Arvo Hallik, a banker and investor. Hallik has two children from a another relationship.
[87]
Apart from her native
Estonian
, Kallas is fluent in English, Russian and French.
[88]
- ↑
1.0
1.1
Dobush, Grace (4 March 2019).
"Digital Savvy Estonia Is Set to Get Its First Female Prime Minister"
.
Fortune
.
Archived
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. Retrieved
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2019
.
- ↑
2.0
2.1
Hankewitz, Sten (14 April 2019).
"Politico lists Estonia's Kaja Kallas as one of the most influential MEPs"
.
Estonian World
. Retrieved
6 April
2021
.
- ↑
3.0
3.1
Mc Mahon, Meabh (9 March 2022).
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.
Euronews
. Retrieved
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2022
.
- ↑
4.0
4.1
4.2
Cliffe, Jeremy (11 May 2022).
"Europe's new Iron Lady: Estonian prime minister Kaja Kallas"
.
New Statesman
. Retrieved
11 May
2022
.
- ↑
5.0
5.1
Crisp, James (8 October 2022).
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.
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.
ISSN
0307-1235
. Retrieved
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2022
.
- ↑
6.0
6.1
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.
Axios
. 6 April 2022.
- ↑
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7.1
7.2
Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
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. Deutsche Welle.
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,
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, 26 January 2021
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.
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12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
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.
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.
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.
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20.1
20.2
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.
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.
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.
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.
- ↑
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.
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2023
.
- ↑
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.
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- ↑
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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46.0
46.1
46.2
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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51.1
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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64.1
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.
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.
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.
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.
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71.0
71.1
Sytas, Andrius (25 August 2023).
"Estonia PM Kallas under pressure to quit over husband's Russia ties"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
25 August
2023
.
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ERR, ERR News, ERR | (2023-08-25).
"Postimees and EPL: Kaja Kallas, resign"
.
ERR
. Retrieved
2023-08-25
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
"Estonia Leader Has 'Nothing to Hide' on Spouse's Russia Activity"
.
Bloomberg
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. Retrieved
25 August
2023
.
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"Company part-owned by Estonian PM's husband continues deliveries to Russia"
. ERR. 23 August 2023
. Retrieved
30 August
2023
.
- ↑
Musaddique, Shafi (28 August 2023).
"Estonia PM under pressure over husband's alleged Russia business links"
.
The Guardian
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28 August
2023
.
- ↑
"EPL: Metaprint on soja ajal muunud Venemaale 17 miljoni dollari eest kaupa"
. Eesti Paevaleht. 23 August 2023
. Retrieved
28 August
2023
.
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"Gallery: Estonian PM Kaja Kallas' visit to AS Metaprint in January 2022"
. Eesti Paevaleht. 28 August 2023
. Retrieved
29 August
2023
.
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"Estonie : la premiere ministre, Kaja Kallas, destabilisee par les liens de son mari avec la Russie"
.
Le Monde.fr
. Le Monde. 29 August 2023
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29 August
2023
.
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"President Karis on PM Kallas' scandal: Doing business with Russia calls Estonia's credibility into question"
. Estonian World. 28 August 2023
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29 August
2023
.
- ↑
"Estonia's pro-Ukrainian PM faces pressure to quit over husband's indirect Russian business links"
. ABC News
. Retrieved
25 August
2023
.
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Musaddique, Shafi (2023-09-13).
"
'Witch-hunt': Estonian prime minister defends husband's Russian business links"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
2023-09-13
.
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82.0
82.1
"Russia puts leader of NATO member Estonia on wanted list over removal of WWII monuments"
. AP News. 13 February 2024
. Retrieved
13 February
2024
.
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Sauer, Pjotr (13 February 2024).
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.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
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2024
.
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"Kallas on Russia's Wanted List: This Is a Standard Scare Tactic"
.
ERR
. 13 February 2024
. Retrieved
13 February
2024
.
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"Kaua hoitud saladus: Kaja Kallas on kihlatud investeerimispankuriga"
.
Elu24
(in Estonian). 10 January 2018
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29 March
2021
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86.0
86.1
"EESTI EKSPRESSI SUUR LUGU | Kaja Kallast ootab ees jaht peaministri kohale, volgades Reformierakonna paastmine ja abiellumine"
.
Eesti Ekspress
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2021
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"Kaja Kallas"
.
valitsus.ee
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.
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"Kone uritusel "La Journee de la Femme Digitale"
"
.
Kaja Kallas
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1 December
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.