From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Jim Crow laws
were a number of
laws
requiring
racial segregation
in the
United States
. These laws were enforced in different states between 1876 and 1965. "Jim Crow" laws provided a systematic legal basis for segregating and discriminating against
African Americans
. The laws first appeared after the
Civil War
and the
Reconstruction Era
and were enforced through the mid-twentieth century. They were about segregating black and white people in all public buildings. "Jim Crow" was a racist term for a black person. Black people were usually treated worse than white people. This segregation was also done in the
armed forces
, schools, restaurants, on buses and in what jobs blacks got. In 1954, the
US Supreme Court
ruled that such segregation in state-run schools was against the
US Constitution
. The decision is known as
Brown v. Board of Education
. The other Jim Crow laws were abolished by the
Civil Rights Act of 1964
[1]
and the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
. The
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) fought against the Jim Crow laws.
After the Civil War, the U.S. government tried to enforce the rights of ex-slaves in the South through a process called
Reconstruction
. However, in 1876, Reconstruction ended. By the 1890s, the Southern states'
legislatures
were all-white again. Southern
Democrats
, who did not support civil rights for blacks, completely ruled the South.
[2]
This gave them a lot of power in the
United States Congress
.
[3]
For example, Southern Democrats were able to make sure that laws against
lynching
did not pass.
Starting in 1890, Southern Democrats began to pass state
laws
that took away the rights African Americans had gained. These racist laws became known as Jim Crow laws. For example, they included:
- Laws that made it impossible for blacks to vote (this is called
disenfranchisement
). Since they could not vote, blacks also could not be on
juries
.
[4]
[5]
- Laws that required
racial segregation
- separation of blacks and whites. For example, blacks could not:
[3]
In 1896, the
United States Supreme Court
ruled in a case called
Plessy v. Ferguson
that these laws were legal. They said that having things be "
separate but equal
" was fine.
[6]
In the South, everything was separate. However, places like black schools and
libraries
got much less money and were not as good as places for whites.
[6]
[7]
[8]
Things were separate, but not equal.
- Hover over each photo to view its label. Click on the picture to make it bigger.
-
Door to the "white" bathroom at a
railroad
station (
Florida
)
-
Billiard
Hall "for colored" only (
Memphis
, 1939)
-
"Negro" area in
Shenandoah
National Park (
Virginia
, 1930s)
-
"Colored" drinking fountain (
Oklahoma
, 1939)
-
Blacks and whites were not allowed to stay in the same
hotels
(Memphis, 1939)
-
A black man going into a
segregated
movie theater through the "colored" entrance (
Mississippi
, 1939)
-
"White" and "colored" doors at a
cafe
(
North Carolina
, 1940)
-
North Carolina law said
African-Americans
had to sit in the back of buses
-
Clinic
"for colored" (Mississippi, 1966)
- ↑
Civil Rights Act of 1964
- ↑
Stephens Jr., Otis H; Scheb, John M. (2007).
American Constitutional Law, Volume II: Civil Rights and Liberties
. Cengage Learning. p. 528.
ISBN
978-0495097051
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
3.0
3.1
Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2009).
Encyclopedia of African American History: 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century (Volume IV)
. Oxford University Press. pp. 199?200.
ISBN
978-0195167795
.
- ↑
Perman, Michael (2001).
Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888?1908
. University of North Carolina Press.
ISBN
978-0807825938
- ↑
Koussecr, J. Morgan (1974).
The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South
. Yale University Press.
ISBN
978-0300016963
- ↑
6.0
6.1
"Timeline of Events Leading to the
Brown v. Board of Education
Decision, 1954"
.
Teachers’ Resources
. United States National Archives and Records Administration
. Retrieved
March 2,
2016
.
- ↑
Fultz M 2006 (2006). "Black Public Libraries in the South in the Era of De Jure Segregation".
Libraries & the Cultural Record
.
41
(3): 337?59.
doi
:
10.1353/lac.2006.0042
.
S2CID
142811711
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
Logan, Rayford W. (1997).
The Betrayal of the Negro from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson
. Da Capo Press. pp. 97-98.
ISBN
978-0306807589
- "Jim Crow Laws".
Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: Government and Politics
. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Student Resources In Context. Web. November 7, 2013.
|
---|
|
- Combatants
- Theaters
- Campaigns
- Battles
- States
|
---|
Combatants
| |
---|
Theaters
| |
---|
Major campaigns
| |
---|
Major
battles
| |
---|
|
|
|
|
|
---|
History
| |
---|
Culture
| |
---|
Notable people
| |
---|
Religion
| |
---|
Political movements
| |
---|
Civic and economic
groups
| |
---|
Sports
| |
---|
Ethnic subdivisions
| |
---|
Languages
| |
---|
By state/city
| |
---|
Diaspora
| |
---|
|