From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen
(10 October 1861 ? 13 May 1930) was a
Norwegian
explorer
,
historian
,
scientist
,
diplomat
,
humanitarian
and a
Nobel Peace Prize
winner. From 1922 to 1927, Nansen was the
League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
.
In his youth a champion
skier
and
ice skater
, he led the team that made the first crossing of the
Greenland
interior in 1888, and won international fame after reaching a record northern
latitude
of 86°14′ during his
North Pole expedition
of 1893?96. Although he
retired
from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his
innovations
in equipment and clothing influenced later
Arctic
and
Antarctic
expeditions.
Nansen studied
zoology
at the
Royal Frederick University
, and later worked as a
curator
at the
Bergen
Museum where his research on the
central nervous system
of
lower marine creatures
earned him a
doctorate
and helped establish modern theories of
neurology
. After 1896 his main scientific interest switched to
oceanography
; in the course of his research he made many scientific cruises, mainly in the
North Atlantic
, and contributed to the development of modern oceanographic equipment. As one of his country's leading citizens, in 1905 Nansen spoke out for the ending of Norway's union with
Sweden
, and was instrumental in persuading
Prince Charles of Denmark
to accept the throne of the newly independent Norway. Between 1906 and 1908 he served as the Norwegian representative in
London
, where he helped negotiate the Integrity Treaty that guaranteed Norway's independent status.
In the final decade of his life Nansen devoted himself primarily to the
League of Nations
, following his appointment in 1921 as the League's High Commissioner for Refugees. In 1922 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on behalf of the displaced victims of the
First World War
and related conflicts. Among the initiatives he introduced was the "
Nansen passport
" for stateless persons, a certificate recognised by more than 50 countries.
He worked on behalf of refugees until his sudden death from a
heart attack
in 1930, after which the League established the Nansen International Office for Refugees to ensure that his work continued. This office received the Nobel Peace Prize for 1938. Nansen was honoured by many nations, and his name is commemorated in numerous geographical features, particularly in the
polar regions
.
- Abrams, Irwin (2001).
The Nobel Peace Prize and the Lauretes: an illustrated biographical history 1901?2001
. Nantucket MA: Watson Publishing International.
ISBN
9780881353884
.
- Amundsen, Roald
(1912).
The South Pole, Vol. II
. London: John Murray.
- Berton, Pierre (1988).
The Arctic Grail
. New York: Viking Penguin.
- Brøgger, Waldemar Christofer and Rolfsen, Nordahl (translated by William Archer (1896)).
Fridtiof Nansen 1861?1893
. New York. Longmans Green & Co.
- Fleming, Fergus (2002).
Ninety Degrees North
. London: Granta Publications.
- Gibney, Matthew J.; Harrison, Randall (2005).
Immigration and Asylum from 1900 to the Present: Volume 1
. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
[
permanent dead link
]
- Huntford, Roland (2001).
Nansen
. London: Abacus.
(First published in 1997 by Gerald Duckworth)
- Jackson, Frederick (1935).
The Lure of Unknown Lands
. London: G. Bell and Sons.
- Nansen, Fridtjof (tr. H.M. Gepp) (1890).
The First Crossing of Greenland
. London: Longmans, Green.
ISBN
9781108031097
.
- Nansen, Fridtjof (1897).
Farthest North, Volumes I and II
. London: Archibald Constable & Co.
ISBN
9781602392373
.
also available on
Project Gutenberg
- Pollock, Frederick (2003).
The League of Nations
. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange Ltd.
ISBN
9781584772477
.
- Reynolds, E.E. (1949).
Nansen
. Harmondsworth (UK): Penguin Books.
- Scott, J.M. (1971).
Fridtjof Nansen
. Sheridan, Oregon: Heron Books.
- Hestmark, Geir (1991): Fridtjof Nansen and the Geology of the Arctic. Earth Sciences History 12: 168-212.
- Hestmark, G. (1995): Fridtjof Nansen and the Spirit of Northern Wilderness. In: Vance G. Martin & Nicholas Tyler: Arctic Wilderness - The 5th World Wilderness Congress. North American Press, Golden, Colorado. pp. 113?117.
- Hestmark, Geir (1999). Vitenskap og nasjon - Waldemar Christopher Brøgger 1851-1905. Oslo, Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard). 890 pp.
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1901?1925
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1926?1950
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1951?1975
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1976?2000
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2001?present
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