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| Itoku
|
|---|
 |
|
| Reign
| 510 BC ? 477 BC (traditional)
[1]
|
|---|
| Predecessor
| Annei
|
|---|
| Successor
| K?sh?
|
|---|
|
| Born
| 553 BC
[2]
|
|---|
| Died
| 477 BC (aged 76)
|
|---|
| Burial
| Unebi-yama no minami no Manago no tani no e no misasagi
(
畝傍山南纖沙溪上陵
)
(Kashihara)
|
|---|
| Spouse
| Amonotoyototsu-hime
|
|---|
| Issue
| |
|---|
|
Japanese style
:?yamatohikosukitomo no Sumeramikoto (
大日本彦?友天皇
),
also
?yamatohikosukitomo no Mikoto (
大倭日子?友命
)
Chinese style
: Emperor Itoku (
懿?天皇
)
|
|
| House
| Imperial House of Japan
|
|---|
| Father
| Emperor Annei
|
|---|
| Mother
| Nunasoko-Nakatsu-hime
|
|---|
| Religion
| Shinto
|
|---|
Emperor Itoku
(
懿?天皇
,
Itoku-
tenn?
)
was the 4th
emperor
of
Japan
,
[3]
according to the
traditional order of succession
.
[4]
Historians consider Emperor Itoku to be a
legendary
person,
[5]
and the name Itoku
-tenn?
was
created
for him
posthumously
by later
generations
.
No
certain
dates can be
assigned
to this emperor's life or
reign
.
[6]
The
conventionally
accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be
confirmed
as "traditional" until the reign of
Emperor Kammu
, who was the 50th
monarch
of the
Yamato dynasty
.
[7]
The
Gukansh?
records that he ruled from the palace of
Migario-no-miya
at Karu in what will come to be known as
Yamato province
.
[8]
Itoku is almost certainly a
legend
. The
Kojiki
records only his name and
genealogy
. The
Nihonshoki
includes Itoku as the third of "eight
undocumented
monarchs"
(
欠史八代,
,
Kesshi-hachidai
)
.
[9]
The
Gukansh?
records that Itoku was the second or third son of
Emperor Annei
,
[8]
but the surviving documents provide no basis for making guesses about why the elder brother or brothers were passed over.
[10]
During reign of Emperor Itoku, the
capital of Japan
was at
Karu, Yamato
.
[11]
The mausoleum (
misasagi
) of Emperor Itoku in
Nara Prefecture
.
The absence of information about Itoku does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is
available
for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch,
Emperor Kimmei
(509?-571).
[12]
This emperor's official name after his death (his
posthumous name
) was
regularized
many centuries after the lifetime which was
ascribed
to Itoku.
[13]
The actual
site
of his
grave
is not known. According to the
Imperial Household Agency
, this emperor is
venerated
at a
memorial
Shinto
shrine
(
misasagi
) at
Nara
.
[3]
The
chrysanthemum
symbol
of the
Japanese emperor
and his family.
- ↑
"Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan"
(PDF)
.
Kunaicho.go.jp
. Retrieved
May 8,
2019
.
- ↑
Kenneth Henshall (2013).
Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945
. Scarecrow Press. p. 487.
ISBN
9780810878723
.
- ↑
3.0
3.1
Imperial Household Agency
(
Kunaich?
),
懿?天皇 (4)
; retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ↑
Titsingh, Isaac
. (1834).
Annales des empereurs du japon,
p. 4;
Brown, Delmer
. (1979).
Gushank?,
p. 251;
Varley, H. Paul
. (1980).
Jinn? Sh?t?ki,
p. 89;
Nussbaum, Louis-Frederic
. (2002). "Traditional order of Tenn?" in
Japan encyclopedia,
pp. 962-963.
- ↑
Kelly, Charles F.
"Kofun Culture,"
Japanese Archaeology.
April 27, 2009; retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ↑
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard
. (1959).
The Imperial House of Japan,
pp. 29-30.
- ↑
Aston, William George
. (1896).
Nihongi,
pp. 109.
- ↑
8.0
8.1
Brown, p. 251.
- ↑
Aston, pp. 142-143.
- ↑
Ponsonby-Fane, p. 29; Varley, p. 89.
- ↑
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1915).
The Imperial Family of Japan
, pp. 2-3.
- ↑
Titsingh, pp. 34-36; Brown, pp. 261-262; Varley, pp. 123-124.
- ↑
Aston, pp. 141-142.
