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Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine
(6 September 1808 ? 26 May 1883;
Arabic
:
??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
?Abd al-Q?dir ibn Mu?yidd?n
), known as the
Emir Abdelkader
or
Abdelkader El Djezairi
, was an
Algerian
religious and military leader who led a struggle against the
French colonial invasion
in the mid-19th century.
In his childhood, he learned and memorized the Holy
Quran
and studied
linguistics
.
When Algeria was invaded by France in 1830, he began a
rebellion
against the French for a decade until 1842 with a number of
tribes
.
In 1837, he signed the
Treaty of Tafna
with
Marshall Bugeaud
. But
King Louis-Philippe
broke the treaty two years later, leading Emir to declare against Jihad on October 15, 1839. In 1847, he was exiled to France from 1847 to October 1852. When he was released by
Napoleon III
, Emir then took up his residence in
Damascus
. In July 1860, he ceased a conflict between Muslims and Christians. While he was in Damascus, he wrote books and composed poesy.
Emir Abdelkader died on the May 26, 1883 and was buried in Damascus. On July 5, 1966, the Algerian government brought his remains back to Algeria to be interred on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of independence and the 136th anniversary of the French conquest. A mosque bearing his name has been constructed as a national shrine in
Constantine
. He is seen by the Algerians as their national hero.