Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma
, also known as
Queen Anne of Romania
(
Anne Antoinette Francoise Charlotte Zita Marguerite of Bourbon-Parma
,
[2]
18 September 1923 ? 1 August 2016), was the wife of former king
Michael I of Romania
.
Anne was born in
Paris
, France, the only daughter of
Prince Rene of Bourbon-Parma
and
Princess Margaret of Denmark
.
[2]
Anne was the younger sister of Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma and elder sister to
Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma
who married
Princess Maria Pia of Savoy
(eldest child of
King Umberto II of Italy
and
Queen Marie Jose
), and Prince Andre of Bourbon-Parma. As a granddaughter of
Robert I, Duke of Parma
she was first cousin to:
King Boris III of Bulgaria
;
Robert Hugo, Duke of Parma
;
Princess Alicia, Dowager Duchess of Calabria
;
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
;
Crown Prince Otto of Austria
; and
Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg
.
In 1939 Anne's family fled from the
Nazi Germans
and escaped to
Spain
, then to
Portugal
finally to the
United States
.
[3]
She attended the
Parsons School of Design
in
New York City
from 1940 to 1943. She also worked as a sales assistant at
Macy's
department store. In 1943 she joined the French Army as an
ambulance
driver.
[4]
She served in
Algeria
,
Morocco
,
Italy
,
Luxembourg
and
Germany
. She received the French
Croix de guerre
for her wartime service.
[3]
In November 1947, Anne met King Michael I of Romania who was visiting London for the wedding of
Princess Elizabeth
and
Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh
.
[2]
They met several times in London, always with her mother or brother. Michael asked her to marry him. Michael returned to
Romania
, where he was told by the prime minister it was not the right tine to announce the wedding. A few days later, the government said the wedding was the reason for Michael's sudden "
abdication
". In fact the king was
deposed
by the
Communists
on 30 December.
[5]
Anne was a
Catholic
and under their rules, she needed the church's permission to marry Michael who was not a Catholic. This permission could be given if Michael agreed to allow their future children to be raised as Catholics. Michael refused to do this, as it was against the laws of Romania, and it would make it impossible for him to regain his position as king.
[5]
The
Holy See
refused to grant permission for the wedding. The two families decided to take their case to the
Vatican
. In early March, the couple's mothers met with
Pope Pius XII
who also refused permission for Anne to marry Michael.
[5]
Anne and Michael decided to marry without church permission. Anne's paternal uncle,
Xavier, Duke of Parma
, said he objected to the marriage that did not have the Pope's permission. He also told Anne's parents not to attend the wedding.
[5]
Anne's family was represented at the ceremony by her maternal uncle, Prince Eric of Denmark.
[5]
The wedding ceremony was held on 10 June 1948 in Athens, Greece, in the throne room of the Royal Palace.
[3]
The ceremony was performed by
Archbishop Damaskinos
.
[5]
Guests at the wedding included:
Helen, Queen Mother of Romania
, Michael's aunts
Queen Frederica
,
Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Aosta
,
Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark
; his cousins
Alexandra, Queen Consort of Yugoslavia
,
Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
,
King Paul of Greece
,
Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark
,
Crown Prince Constantine of Greece
and
Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark
, the three youngest ones serving as bridesmaids and pageboys; Anne's maternal uncle
Prince Eric of Denmark
;
Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
,
Prince George William of Hanover
and many others.
[6]
The couple took part in a religious ceremony on 9 November 1966, at the Roman Catholic Church of St Charles in
Monaco
, to make the marriage "legal" for the church.
[5]
After their wedding in 1948, Anne and Michael lived in
Hertfordshire
for four years. They became market gardeners and farmed poultry. In 1956 they moved to
Versoix
on
Lake Geneva
, and raised five daughters there.
[3]
In 1992 Anne and Michael visited Romania for three days; it was Anne's first visit to the country.
[3]
From 1993 to 1997, Michael was refused entry to Romania by the Romanian government.
[3]
Anne visited the country a number of times representing her husband. After 1997, there were no restrictions on Anne and Michael's entry into Romania.
Elisabeta Palace
was made available for them to use, and they recovered some properties from the state, including
S?var?in Castle
and
Pele? Castle
.
[5]
In June 2008, Anne and Michael celebrated their 60th Wedding Anniversary, with three days of events in Romania.
[7]
Events included a concert by the
George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra
at the
Romanian Athenaeum
,
[8]
an official reception at
Athenee Palace
in
Bucharest
, and book launch at the
National Museum of Romanian History
.
[9]
Anne died on 1 August 2016 in a hospital in
Morges
, Switzerland, at the age of 92.
[10]
[11]
[12]
The family refused a posthumous military medal.
[13]
Romania's President
Klaus Iohannis
said "Her Majesty Queen Ana of Romania will remain forever in memory and in our hearts as one of the most important symbols of wisdom, dignity and, especially, as a model of moral conduct."
[14]
The government made 13 August 2016 a national day of mourning. The Romanian flag was flown at
half-mast
on all buildings. Television and radio broadcasts were told to make their programs suitable for the memory of Anne of Romania. The funeral was held at the
Curtea de Arge? Cathedral
.
[15]
The government of
Moldova
also held a national day of mourning on 13 August in memory of Queen Anne, asking for everyone to observe a
moment of silence
at 10 am on that day.
[16]
- Radu, Prince of Hohenzollern-Veringen
,
Anne of Romania: A War, an Exile, a Life
, Bucharest: The Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House, Bucharest, 2002
ISBN
973-577-338-4
. (A quasi-official biography by her son-in-law, originally published in Romanian as
Un r?zboi, un exil, o via??
, Bucharest, 2000).
[28]
Relatives of Anne of Romania
|
|
- ↑
Eilers, Marlene. Queen Victoria's Descendants. Rosvall Royal Books, Falkoping, Sweden, 1997. p.74.
ISBN
91-630-5964-9
- ↑
2.0
2.1
2.2
Walter Curley
(1973).
Monarchs-in-Waiting
. Cornwall, NY: Dodd, Mead & Co. p. 77.
ISBN
0-396-06840-5
.
- ↑
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
"Queen Anne of Romania ? obituary"
.
The Telegraph
. August 2016
. Retrieved
2016-08-02
.
- ↑
MUTLER, ALISON.
"Anne of Romania, wife of King Michael, dies at 92"
. Archived from
the original
on 2016-08-01
. Retrieved
2016-08-02
.
- ↑
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
Eilers-Koenig, Marlene (2008). "The Marriage of King Michael and Queen Anne of Romania".
European Royal History Journal
.
11.3
(LXIII). Arturo E. Beeche: 3?10.
- ↑
JPG image
Archived
2014-12-24 at the
Wayback Machine
tinypic.com
- ↑
"Aniversarea c?s?toriei Majest??ilor Lor"
.
Familiaregala.ro
. Archived from
the original
on 2016-03-09
. Retrieved
2016-03-09
.
- ↑
"Majestatile Lor Regele Mihai si Regina Ana au sarbatorit Nunta de Diamant"
.
Familiaregala.ro
. 2008-06-14. Archived from
the original
on 2016-03-09
. Retrieved
2016-03-09
.
- ↑
"Lansarea volumului Nunta de Diamant"
.
Familiaregala.ro
. Archived from
the original
on 2016-03-09
. Retrieved
2016-03-09
.
- ↑
"A murit Regina Ana la varsta de 92 de ani. Principesa va fi inmormantat? la Curtea de Arge?, al?turi de ceilal?i regi ai Romaniei - FOTO, VIDEO"
.
Mediafax.ro
. Retrieved
2016-08-01
.
- ↑
"Romania's ex-Queen Anne dies in hospital at 92"
.
Reuters
. August 1, 2016
. Retrieved
2016-08-01
.
- ↑
"Anne of Romania, wife of King Michael, dies at 92"
.
The State
. August 1, 2016
. Retrieved
2016-08-01
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ↑
The Romania Journal.
President Iohannis intended to decorate Queen Anne post mortem, royal tradition doesn’t allow
Archived
2016-08-08 at the
Wayback Machine
. 5 Augusts 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ↑
Jurnalul
.
Iohannis: Regina Ana, unul dintre cele mai importante simboluri de in?elepciune, demnitate ?i reper de conduit?
1 August 2016. (Romanian). Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ↑
Comunicat de pres? - ?edin?? de guvern.
Guvernul a stabilit 13 august 2016, zi de doliu na?ional
. 3 August 2016. (Romanian). Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ↑
Presidency of the Republic of Moldova website
.
Moldovan president declares 13 August 2016 as national mourning day
. 5 August 2016.
- ↑
17.0
17.1
"Familia Regala ? Ordinului Coroana Romaniei"
Archived
2015-02-06 at the
Wayback Machine
.
familiaregala.ro
.
- ↑
"Royal Jewels of the World Message Board: Re: Stockholm Tiara"
.
boardhost.com
.
- ↑
JPG image
Archived
2016-03-03 at the
Wayback Machine
. Hostingpics.net
- ↑
"MARRIAGE OF KARL HAPSBURG & FRANCESCA VON THYSSEN - 0000282804-027 - Rights Managed - Stock Photo - Corbis"
.
Corbisimages.com
. 1993-01-31
. Retrieved
2016-03-09
.
- ↑
"Connaissance des Religions > Sommaires - 1985-1994"
.
Cdr.religion.info
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-02-14
. Retrieved
2016-03-09
.
- ↑
La Vie Chevaleresque, December 1956, 21/22:p.73-74
- ↑
"Familia Regala ? Comunicate si mesaje"
Archived
2015-02-11 at the
Wayback Machine
.
Familiaregala.ro
.
- ↑
"Fiestas y bailes anteriores a una boda real by Manuesevilla :: Foros Realeza"
Archived
2014-03-02 at the
Wayback Machine
.
foros.ws
.
- ↑
"King Michael and Queen Anne of Romania"
.
Pinterest
. 18 November 2013.
- ↑
Victor Eskenasy
(23 April 2013)
"Regele Mihai ? 90 ? File de istorie"
.
Radio Europa Liber?
.
- ↑
"Majestatea Sa Regele in vizit? oficial? la Ordinul Suveran de Malta"
Archived
2018-03-31 at the
Wayback Machine
.
Radioiasi.ro
. 1 February 2012
- ↑
Radu, Prince of Hohenzollern-Veringen (2002)
ANNE OF ROMANIA A War, An Exile, A Life
Archived
2007-09-19 at the
Wayback Machine
. The Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House, Bucharest,
ISBN
978-973-577-338-0
. The ISBN printed in the document (973-577-338-8) is invalid, causing a checksum error.