Abolitionism
was a movement that wanted to end the practice of
slavery
in
Europe
and in
America
. It was mainly active during the 18th and 19th centuries. Until the 18th century, few people criticized slavery. But thinkers of the
Enlightenment
started to criticize it, because in their opinion slavery was against
human rights
. Communities like the
Quakers
thought that slavery was contradicting with
Christianity
.
In the early 19th century several countries abolished the transatlantic
slave trade
, and later in the century they abolished slavery itself.
Race
-based slavery was established in the early
16th century
in the Portuguese and
Spanish Empire
s. It soon spread to the parts of
British North America
,
New France
, and
Spanish America
that would become the U.S. in the
18th century
. By the beginning of the 18th century, enslavement of
black
Africans
was powering the
economy
in these areas.
[1]
Most opposition to slavery was from enslaved people themselves.
During the
American Revolution
, beginning in 1775, the Virginia Governor, Lord Dunmore promised freedom to slaves and indenture servants "able and willing to take up arms" with the British. This proclamation would give freedom to the indentured servants and slaves held by the rebelling colonists, and wouldn't effect the loyalists. Many of the former slaves would die of disease, in fact 8 times as many blacks died of disease than died in battle. When the war ended, most slaves who decided to fight with the British were returned to servitude.
[2]
Some black
Loyalists
were taken to Canada and elsewhere.
The
American Army
of the revolution contained many blacks, most of them coming from New England. The most significant black regiment was the 1st Rhode Island. The Regiment was created in 1778 and consisted of mostly blacks. Upon joining the regiment, the commander, Colonel Christopher Greene, would release any slave from servitude.
[3]
Following drafting, and signing of the new
United States Constitution
, blacks in the country were completely disenfranchised, and most remained slaves. Slavery began to decline. Most northern states outlawed its practice shortly after the Revolution, and in the south, Tobacco, the primary cash crop, was losing value
[4]
In 1794,
Eli Whitney
invented the
cotton gin
. This new invention helped to increase the profitability of cotton by mechanically removing its seeds. After 1800 the amount of cotton produced in the United States would double every 10 years. By the middle of the century, the United States produced three quarters of the worlds cotton.
[5]
The
Haitian Revolution
, a slave
rebellion
that lasted from 1791 to 1804, changed the whole direction of the slave system.
[6]
In the next 100 years, slavery would be legally abolished in many of the colonies controlled by European empires.
|
---|
History
| |
---|
Culture
| |
---|
Notable people
| |
---|
Religion
| |
---|
Political movements
| |
---|
Civic and economic
groups
| |
---|
Sports
| |
---|
Ethnic subdivisions
| |
---|
Languages
| |
---|
By state/city
| |
---|
Diaspora
| |
---|
|