??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????: Module:Citation/CS1 ( sandbox )

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the " External links " section of articles.

Usage [ ???????? ]

Copy a blank version to use. All parameter names must be in lowercase. Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Delete unused parameters to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

{{cite web
|url=
|title=
|last=
|first=
|date=
|website=
|publisher=
|access-date=
|quote=}}

{{cite web
|url=
|url-access=
|title=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|last2=
|first2=
|author-link2=
|date=
|year=
|orig-date=
|editor-last=
|editor-first=
|editor-link=
|editor2-last=
|editor2-first=
|editor2-link=
|department=
|website=
|series=
|publisher=
|agency=
|location=
|page=
|pages=
|at=
|language=
|script-title=
|trans-title=
|type=
|format=
|arxiv=
|asin=
|bibcode=
|doi=
|doi-broken-date=
|isbn=
|issn=
|jfm=
|jstor=
|lccn=
|mr=
|oclc=
|ol=
|osti=
|pmc=
|pmid=
|rfc=
|ssrn=
|zbl=
|id=
|access-date=
|url-status=
|archive-url=
|archive-date=
|via=
|quote=
|ref=
|postscript=}}

 
 
 
 
 
last
 
last
last2
 
 
 
 
 
editor-last
 
editor-last
editor2-last
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
url 
url 
url, archive-date
archive-url
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
required
 
required
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

• If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news [ ???????? ]

Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{ cite web }} or {{ cite news }} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of 29 July 2016 , {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences:

• {{cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
• {{cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Help:Citation Style 1#Pages § Notes ; see also {{ cite magazine }}).

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Examples [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II" . Encyclopedia of Things . Open Publishing . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II" . Encyclopedia of Things . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II" . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II" . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  "My Favorite Things, Part II" . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  "NFL Rules Digest" . NFL Football Operations . National Football League . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

Using "format=" [ ???????? ]

When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. ( ref ))

If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF , which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT , which displays " (ODT)" after the link.

Foreign language and translated title [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=Francois |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=14 ???? 2024 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}}

  Joliet, Francois (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (?????? ?????) . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

Using author-link [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II" . Encyclopedia of Things . Open Publishing . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

Multiple authors [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things" . Encyclopaedia of Things . Open Publishing . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

No author [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  "Index of Sharp Things" . Encyclopedia of Things . Open Publishing. 2005-04-30 . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

No author, no publisher [ ???????? ]

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  "Index of Sharp Things" . Encyclopedia of Things . 30 April 2005 . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=14 ???? 2024}}

  "Index of Sharp Things" . April 30, 2005 . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

• {{cite web |url=https://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=14 ???? 2024 |language=el}}

  "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (?????? ?????). 2005-04-30 . ??????????? 14 ???? 2024 .

Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived [ ???????? ]

Using quote [ ???????? ]

Parameters [ ???????? ]

Syntax [ ???????? ]

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2 ?may be used instead of parent
  • child ?may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2 ?may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS [ ???????? ]

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS . As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example   , – , etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

• |periodical= , |journal= , |newspaper= , |magazine= , |work= , |website= , |encyclopedia= , |encyclopaedia= , |dictionary=
• |chapter= , |contribution= , |entry= , |article= , |section=
• |title=
• |publication-place= , |publicationplace= , |place= , |location=
• |date= , |year= , |publication-date= , |publicationdate=
• |series= , |version=
• |volume=
• |issue= , |number=
• |page= , |pages= , |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher= , |distributor= , |institution=
• |url=
• |chapter-url= , |chapterurl= , |contribution-url= , |contributionurl= , |section-url= , |sectionurl=
• |author#= , |author-last#= , |author#-last= , |last#= , |surname#=
• |author-first#= , |author#-first= , |first#= , |given#=
• any of the named identifiers ( |isbn= , |issn= , |doi= , |pmc= , etc)

What's new [ ???????? ]

Deprecated [ ???????? ]

The coauthor and coauthors parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters . Use last# / first# or author or authors . If coauthor · coauthors are used for et al , then use display-authors=etal instead.

Description [ ???????? ]

Authors [ ???????? ]

• last : Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink?use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono ). Aliases: surname , author , last1 , surname1 , author1 .
  • author : this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
  • first : Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink?use author-link instead. Aliases: given , first1 , given1 . Requires last ; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1 , first1 through last n , first n , where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each first n requires a corresponding last n ). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1 , given1 through surname n , given n , or author1 through author n . For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=... |last1=... |author2=... .
  • author-link : Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author?not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1 , authorlink , authorlink1 , author1-link , author1link .
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-link n . Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlink n , or author1-link through author n -link , or author1link through author n link .
  • name-list-format : displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last / first parameters for the name list(s).
• vauthors : comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style ; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors : Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last .
• translator-last : Surname of translator. Do not wikilink?use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname , translator1 , translator1-last , translator-last1 .
  • translator-first : Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink?use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given , translator1-first , translator-first1 .
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1 , translator-first1 through translator-last n , translator-first n , where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-first n requires a corresponding translator-last n ). Aliases: translator1-last , translator1-first through translator n -last , translator n -first , or translator1 through translator n .
  • translator-link : Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator?not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1 , translator1-link .
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-link n . Aliases: translator1-link through translator n -link .
• collaboration : Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author , last , or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• others : To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith .
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title [ ???????? ]

???????:Citation Style documentation/web

• type : Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis , Booklet , Accepted manuscript , CD liner , Press release . Alias: medium .

• language : The language in which the source is written. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g. |language=French, German . The use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Cat:CS1 foreign language sources ; do not use templates or wikilinks. Note: When the language is "English" (or "en"), no language is displayed in the citation. Note: When two or more languages are listed there is no need to include "and" before the last language. "and" is inserted automatically by the template.

Date [ ???????? ]

• date : Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. ^{[date 1]} Required when year is used to disambiguate {{ sfn }} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year. ^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates .

For approximate year, precede with " c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900 .

For no date, or "undated", add as |date=n.d.

• year : Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
  1. The template uses |ref=harv , or the template is {{ citation }} , or |mode=cs2
  2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  3. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator .
• orig-year : Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904 . Alias: origyear
• df : date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy ? set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy ? as above for month day, year format

  ymd ? as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all ? set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all ? as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all ? as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Website [ ???????? ]

• work : Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal , newspaper , magazine , periodical , website .
  • issue : When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number . When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature'' . Displayed in parentheses following volume .

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter does not display in this citation template (and will produce an error message).

location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.

page and pages do not show p. or pp.

edition does not display.

Publisher [ ???????? ]

• publisher : Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title .
• place : Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe , The Times of India . Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
• publication-place : If any one of publication-place , place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date : Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date . Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher ; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
• via : Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher ). via is not a replacement for publisher , but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank ), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), if the deliverer requests attribution, or as requested in WP:The Wikipedia Library (e.g. Credo , HighBeam ). See also registration and subscription parameters.

• agency : The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press , Reuters , Agence France-Presse . May be wikilinked if relevant.

Series [ ???????? ]

• series or version : When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.

In-source locations [ ???????? ]

• page : The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages= , but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y .
• OR: pages : A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages= , but not both. Separate using an en dash (?); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y . Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1?3-15, use |at= .
  • nopp : Set to y , yes , or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages= passim .
• OR: at : For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages= . Use only one of |page= , |pages= , or |at= .

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL [ ???????? ]

• url : URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=... . See WP:PAGELINKS . Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
  • access-date : Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url ; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. ^{[date 1]} Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate .
  • archive-url : The URL of an archived copy of a web page if the original URL is no longer available. Typically used to refer to services such as WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite ) and Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine ) ; requires archive-date and url . By default (overridden by |dead-url=no ) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl .
    • archive-date : Date when the original URL was archived; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. ^{[date 1]} Do not wikilink. Alias: archivedate .
    • dead-url : the default value of this optional parameter, if omitted, is |dead-url=yes . Equivalent values are y or true . When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |dead-url=no ; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |dead-url=unfit or |dead-url=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= is still required). Alias: deadurl .
  • template-doc-demo : The archive parameters will be error-checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{ citation error }} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax . Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• format : Format of the work referred to by url ; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title . (For media format, use type .) HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon . Note: External link icons do not include alt text ; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme . http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp:// , gopher:// , irc:// , ircs:// , mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded . For example, a space must be replaced by %20 . To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Anchor [ ???????? ]

• ref : the citation's HTML anchor identifier. When set, |ref= ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id attribute in the citation's <cite id=" ID "> HTML tag). Setting |ref= ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references , especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing . The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor identifier suitable for use with {{ sfn }} and {{ harv }} templates. When |mode=cs2 defaults to |ref=harv . See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates .

Identifiers [ ???????? ]

• id : A unique identifier , used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append ???????:NCJ instead.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822 or pmc=345678 .

• arxiv : arXiv identifier ; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or arxiv=0706.0001 or arxiv=1501.00001 (since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".
• asin : Amazon Standard Identification Number ; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn . Because this link favours one specific distributor, only include it if standard identifiers aren't available.
  • asin-tld : ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au , br , ca , cn , co.jp , co.uk , de , es , fr , it , mx
• bibcode : Bibcode ; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
• biorxiv : bioRxiv id, a 6-digit number at the end of the biorXiv URL (e.g. 078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733 )
• citeseerx : CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341 )
• doi : Digital object identifier ; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7 . It is checked to ensure it begins with ( 10. ).
  • doi-broken-date : Date the DOI was found to be non-working at http://dx.doi.org . Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi_brokendate , doi-inactive-date
• eissn : International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen , but not an en dash or a space. Alias: EISSN
• hdl : Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet. Alias: HDL
• isbn : International Standard Book Number ; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9 . (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview .) Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN ? beginning with 978 or 979 ? when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information ? usually the back of the title page ? or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |isbn=0-902888-45-5 . Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters ? anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN ? and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
• ismn : International Standard Music Number ; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7 . Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters ? anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens ? and the proper check digit. Alias: ISMN
• issn : International Standard Serial Number ; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen , but not an en dash or a space. Alias: ISSN
• jfm : Jahrbuch uber die Fortschritte der Mathematik
• jstor : JSTOR reference number; for example: jstor=3793107 will generate JSTOR 3793107 .
• lccn : Library of Congress Control Number . When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case.
• mr : Mathematical Reviews
• oclc : OCLC ; WorldCat's Online Computer Library Center
• ol : Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.
• osti : Office of Scientific and Technical Information
• pmc : PubMed Central ; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g. pmc=345678 . Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.
  • embargo : Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
• pmid : PubMed ; use unique identifier. See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
• rfc : Request for Comments
• ssrn : Social Science Research Network
• zbl : Zentralblatt MATH

Quote [ ???????? ]

• quote : Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation.

Editors [ ???????? ]

• editor-last : Surname of editor. Do not wikilink?use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first?as in Chinese?or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1 , editor1-last , editor-surname , editor-surname1 , editor1-surname , editor , editor1 .
  • editor : this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last). This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
  • editor-first : Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink?use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1 , editor1-first , editor-given , editor-given1 , editor1-given .
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1 , editor-first1 through editor-last n , editor-first n (Aliases: editor n -last , editor-surname n or editor n -surname ; editor n -first , editor-given n or editor n -given ; editor n ). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=... |editor-last1=... |editor2=... .

• editor-link : Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor?not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1 .
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-link n (alias editor n -link ).
• name-list-format : displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last / first parameters for the name list(s)

• veditors : comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style ; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:

  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))

• editor-link n and editor-mask n may be used for the individual names in |veditors= , as described above

• editors : Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias of editor-last

Display:

Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Lay summary [ ???????? ]

• lay-url : URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: lay-summary , laysummary .
  • lay-source : Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash. Alias: laysource .
  • lay-date : Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate .

Display options [ ???????? ]

• mode : Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1 , element separator and terminal punctuation is a period ( . ); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2 , element separator is a comma ( , ); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript .
• author-mask : Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes . Do not use in a list generated by {{ reflist }} , <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.
• display-authors : Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors .
• display-editors : Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors .
• last-author-amp : Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y , yes , or true . Example: |last-author-amp=yes
• postscript : Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period ( . ); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none ? leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.

Subscription or registration required [ ???????? ]

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability ? Access to sources . As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors can signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation.

Four access levels can be used:

• free : the source is free to read for anyone
• registration : a free registration is required to access the source
• limited : there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source
• subscription : the source is only accessible via a paid subscription

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Access level of |url= [ ???????? ]

Links inserted with |url= are expected to be free to read by default. If not, editors can use one of

• |url-access=subscription
• |url-access=registration
• |url-access=limited

to indicate the relevant access restriction.

Access level of identifiers [ ???????? ]

Links inserted by identifiers such as |doi= are not expected to offer a free full text by default. If they do, editors can use |doi-access=free (in the case of |doi= ) to indicate the relevant access level. The following identifiers are supported:

• |bibcode= with |bibcode-access=free
• |doi= with |doi-access=free
• |hdl= with |hdl-access=free
• |jstor= with |jstor-access=free
• |ol= with |ol-access=free
• |osti= with |osti-access=free

Some identifiers always link to free full texts. In this case, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. This is the case for |arxiv= , |biorxiv= , |citeseerx= , |pmc= , |rfc= and |ssrn= .

Ambiguous access parameters [ ???????? ]

The parameters |registration=yes and |subscription=yes can also be used to indicate the access level of a citation. However, they do not indicate which link they apply to, so editors are encouraged to use |url-access=registration and |url-access=subscription instead, when the restriction applies to |url= . If the restriction applies to an identifier, these parameters should be omitted.

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

• registration : For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes (or y , or true ); superseded by subscription if both are set.
• subscription : For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes (or y , or true ); supersedes registration if both are set.

Setting |registration= or |subscription= to any value other than y , yes , or true will generate an error message.

TemplateData [ ???????? ]

This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData

Error: cs1|2 template name required

Notes [ ???????? ]

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.