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An article too short to provide more than rudimentary information about a subject should be marked as a
stub
by adding a
stub template
from the list
here
to the end of the article. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???.
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Article creation
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Basic help
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Concepts and guides
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Development processes
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Meta tools and groups
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A
stub
is an article deemed too short to provide encyclopedic coverage of a subject. The objective of this page is to provide a general guide for dealing with stubs.
The first section,
Basic information
, contains information that is recommended for most users. The second half,
Creating stub types
, contains more specialized material.
NOTE: This page is NOT for proposing new stub articles. To do that, please visit
Wikipedia:Articles for creation
.
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??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???, ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.
- Non-article pages, such as disambiguation pages, lists, categories, templates, talk pages, and redirects, are not regarded as stubs.
- While a "
definition
" may be enough to qualify an article as a stub,
Wikipedia is not a dictionary
. The distinction between dictionary and encyclopedia articles is best expressed by the
use?mention distinction
:
- A dictionary article is
about
a word or phrase
and will often have several
different
definitions for it
- An encyclopedia article is
about the subject
denoted by
the title
but usually has only
one definition
(or in some cases, several definitions that are largely the
same
) but there may be
several equivalent words (synonyms) or phrases for it
.
Sizable articles are usually not considered stubs, even if they have significant problems or are noticeably incomplete. With these larger articles, a
cleanup template
is usually added instead of a stub template.
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[
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]
??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??. ?????, ?????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??. ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????. Editors may decide that an article with more than ten sentences is too big to be a stub or that articles with more than 250 words is too big to be a stub. Others follow the
Did you know?
standard of 1,500 characters in the main text.
AutoWikiBrowser
is frequently set to automatically remove stub tags from any article with more than 500 words.
There is no set size at which an article stops being a stub.
While very short articles are very likely to be stubs, there are some subjects about which very little can be written. Conversely, there are subjects about which a lot could be written, and their articles may still be stubs even if they are a couple of paragraphs long. As such, it is impossible to state whether an article is a stub based solely on its length, and any decision on the article has to come down to an editor's best judgement (the user essay on the
Croughton-London rule
may be of use when trying to judge whether an article is a stub). Similarly, stub status usually depends on the length of prose text alone ? lists,
templates
, images, and other such peripheral parts of an article are usually not considered when judging whether an article is a stub.
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]
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When you write a stub, bear in mind that it should contain enough information for other editors to expand upon it. The key is to provide adequate
context
?articles with little or no context usually end up being
speedily deleted
. Your initial research may be done either through books or reliable websites. You may also contribute knowledge acquired from other sources, but it is useful to conduct some research beforehand to ensure that your facts are accurate and
unbiased
. Use your own words: directly copying other sources without giving them credit is
plagiarism
, and may in some cases be a violation of
copyright
.
Begin by defining or describing your topic. Avoid
fallacies of definition
. Write clearly and informatively. State, for example, what a person is famous for, where a place is located and what it is known for, or the basic details of an event and when it happened.
Next, try to expand upon this basic definition. Internally link relevant words, so that users unfamiliar with the subject can understand what you have written. Avoid linking words needlessly; instead, consider which words may require further definition for a casual reader to understand the article. Lastly, a critical step: add
sources
for the information you have put into the stub; see
citing sources
for information on how to do so in Wikipedia.
Once you create and save the article, other editors will also be able to improve it.
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[
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]
After writing a short article, or finding an unmarked stub, you should insert a
stub template
. Choose from among the templates listed at
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
.
Per the
manual of style
, the stub template is placed at the
end
of the article,
after
the
External links
section
, any
navigation templates
, and the
category tags
, so that the stub category will appear after all article content. It is usually desirable to leave two blank lines between the first stub template and whatever precedes it. As with all templates, stub templates are added by simply placing the name of the template in the text between double pairs of curly brackets (e.g., {{Wikipedia-stub}}). Stub templates are
transcluded
,
not
substituted
.
Stub templates have two parts: a short message noting the stub's topic and encouraging editors to expand it, and a category link, which places the article in a
stub category
alongside other stubs on the same topic. The naming for stub templates is usually
topic-stub
; a list of these templates may be found
here
. You need not learn all the templates?even simply adding {{
stub
}} helps (see
this essay
for more information). The more accurately an article is tagged, however, the less work it is for other sorters later, and the more useful it is for editors looking for articles to expand.
If an article overlaps several stub categories, more than one template may be used, but it is strongly recommended that only those relating to the subject's main notability be used. A limit of three or, if really necessary, four stub templates is advised.
Stub-related activities are centralised at
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting
(
shortcut
Wikipedia:WSS
). This project should be your main reference for stub information, and is where new stub types should be proposed for discussion prior to creation.
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]
Once a stub has been properly expanded and becomes a larger article, any editor may remove its stub template. No
administrator
action or formal permission is needed. Stub templates are usually located at the bottom of the page, and usually have a name like
{{
something-stub
}}
if you are using the classic wikitext editor rather than VisualEditor.
Many articles still marked as stubs have in fact been expanded beyond what is regarded as stub size. If an article is too large to be considered a stub but still needs expansion, the stub template may be removed and appropriate {{
expand section
}} templates may be added (no article should contain both a stub template and an expand template).
Be bold
in removing stub tags that are clearly no longer applicable.
Locating stubs
[
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]
Please propose new stub types at
WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals
so that they may be discussed before creating them.
In general, a
stub type
consists of a
stub template
and a dedicated
stub category
, although
"upmerged" templates
are also occasionally created which feed into more general stub categories.
If you identify a group of stub articles that do not fit an existing stub type, or if an existing stub category is growing very large, you can propose the creation of a new stub type which is debated at
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals
.
An example of a stub template is
{{
Writer-stub
}}
, which produces:
The stub category,
Category:Writer stubs
, lists all articles containing the
{{
Writer-stub
}}
template.
Several guidelines are used to decide whether a new stub type is useful. These include the following:
- Is there a stub type for this topic already? (Check
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
.)
- Will the new type be well-defined? (Stub categories are a tool used by editors to expand articles. Good topic definition makes stubs easier to sort accurately.)
- Does the new stub type cover ground not covered by other type, or create a well-defined subtype that does?
- Will there be a significant number of existing stubs in this category? (Ideally, a newly created stub type has 100?300 articles. In general, any new stub category should have a
minimum
of 60 articles. This threshold is modified in the case of the
main
stub category used by a
WikiProject
.)
- Would your new stub type overlap with other stub types? (Stub types form a hierarchy and as such are usually split in specific ways. Compare other stub splits at
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
.)
- If you are breaking a subtype out of an existing type, will the new creation reduce the size of the parent by a significant amount? (This is not an absolute necessity, but is often a catalyst for the creation of stub categories. Stub categories containing over 800 articles are typically considered to be "over-sized", and in need of such sub-types.)
If you think you have satisfied these guidelines, it is
highly recommended
that you propose the new stub type at
stub type proposals page
. This allows for debate on matters relating to the stub type that may not have occurred to the proposer, and also allows for objections if the split does not satisfy stub guidelines. If there are no objections within five days, you may create the new stub type.
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]
Once the creation of a new stub type has been discussed at
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals
and agreed upon, a template can be created. The name of this should follow the
stub type naming conventions
, and will usually be decided during the discussion process.
All stub templates should link to a stub category. This may be a category specific to the topic of the template, or the template might be "upmerged" to one or more less specific categories?? for example, a template for Andorran history might link to a stub category for European history and a general Andorran stub category. This is often thought to be desirable when a stub type is proposed in anticipation of future use, but is not currently over the size threshold; or where an existing stub type has a finite number of well-defined subdivisions, with some numerically viable as subtypes, and others not.
Adding a small image to the stub template (the "stub icon") is generally discouraged because it increases the strain on the Wikipedia servers but may be used, so long as the image must be
public domain
or have a free license??
fair use
images must not be used in templates. Stub icons should be small, preferably no more than about 40px in size.
The standard code for stub templates is found at: {{
asbox
}}. This template can be used (
without
substitution).
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]
The name of the stub category should also have been decided during the proposal process and will also follow the
naming guidelines
.
The text of a stub category should contain a definition of what type of stubs are contained in it and an indication of what template is used to add stubs to it. The {{
WPSS-cat
}} template should also be placed on the category, to indicate that it has been created after debate at
Wikipedia: WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals
. The new stub category should also be added to the
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
list.
The new stub category should be correctly added into other categories. These should include at least three specific categories:
- The analogous permanent category ("permcat")
- At least one higher level ("parent") stub category
- Category:Stub categories
Thus, for example,
Category:France stubs
, should be in an equivalent permcat (
Category:France
), parent stub category (
Category:Europe stubs
), and
Category:Stub categories
.
The creation of stub categories can be partially automated by using {{
Stub category
}} as follows:
{{Stub Category|article=[[A]]|newstub=B|category=C}}
A
: Insert the description of the category here.
B
: Insert the name of the new stub template here.
C
: Insert the name of an appropriate parent non-stub category.
In the example given above, the formatting would look like this:
{{Stub Category|article=[[France]]|newstub=France-stub|category=France}}
which would produce this:
This syntax also automatically adds the new category to
Category:Stub categories
, though parent stub categories and {{
WPSS-cat
}} still need to be added manually. It also automatically
pipes
the stub category with "Σ", so that appears at the end of the list of subcategories in non-stub category C. This effectively moves it away from navigation categories to place it alongside other editing- and cleanup-related categories.
If you have some doubts or comments regarding any part of the process, do not hesitate to address them at
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting
.
== Kokoro (こ?ろ?, or in post-war orthography こころ) is a novel by the Japanese author Natsume S?seki
When a new
WikiProject
commences, one of the first things its creators often do is decide whether or not a specific stub type should be created for it. Often there is no real problem, as WikiProject topics frequently coincide with subjects of specific stub types. On other occasions, there will be no specific stub type, and a new type should be proposed.
Occasionally, a WikiProject will seek to have a stub type which runs contrary to the way stubs are normally split, and this can create conflict between that project and WikiProject Stub sorting, or?? more important?? between that one stub type and one or more other stub types. Even where there is an existing stub type, there may be conflict, as often the definition of a topic as used for stub sorting may not be identical to that used by its specific WikiProject. It should be remembered in cases like this that, while a specific WikiProject may be looking for a solution for its concerns, WikiProject Stub sorting is attempting to make a coherent and cohesive system that works for
all
editors. The system needs to be as compatible as possible with the needs of
all
WikiProjects, and also with the needs of casual editors who are not part of any WikiProject.
Assessment templates
are a way around this problem, and more often than not a far more useful tool for WikiProjects. Assessment templates have several distinct advantages over stub types for WikiProjects. The templates are placed on article talk pages, where they are less likely to be seen as controversial (the placing of stub templates on controversial articles has frequently been a source of edit-warring). They allow all articles within a topic area to be assessed and catalogued by a project, not just stub articles. They allow an indication to be made of exactly what work needs to be done on an article. They also allow workgroups that are subgroups of WikiProjects to have their own specific templates that are better suited to their tasks.
Several tools are available for helping to locate and sort stubs. These include:
Meta
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