???? ????????

The five IAU-recognized dwarf planets
; ????? (1801)	; ?????? (1930)
	The five dwarf planets recognized by the IAU: Ceres as seen from the Dawn spacecraft . It is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt . ; Pluto as viewed by New Horizons space probe on July 13, 2015. ; Eris and its moon Dysnomia viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope . ; Makemake and its moon S/2015 (136472) 1 viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope. ; Haumea and its two moons Namaka and Hi'iaka viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope. ;

“???? ???????????” ??? ????????-???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? (????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????) ?? ???????????? ? ??????? ?. ????, ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?. ??? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? (???????????? ???????) ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? “???????? ???????????” ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???. . ^[1] ???????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?. ^[2] ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??. ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??. ???????? ?? ????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ????????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????. ?????? ??? 2015 ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? (New Horizons mission to Pluto) ^[3] ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????(???? ?????????) ?? (Dawn mission to Ceres.) ^[4] ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ???. ???? ????????? ^[5] ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? , ??????, ????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? “???? ???????”( Alan Stern) ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? (????? ????? ??? ??), ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?. ???? ?????, 2006 ?? “???? ????????” ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? (IAU) ?????? ??-???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ^[1] ?, ??? ?????? ?????? “ ????? ” ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ^[6] ?? ???? “???????”(Stern) ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? 2006 ??? IAU ?? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?? ??. ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ( ???????? ???????? ) ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??. . ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

????? ???????? ???? ???????? [ ???????? ]

Orbital attributes
????	???????? ??????? ???? ?????	??????? ??? ( AU )	????????? ???? (years)	????? ????????? ???? (km/s)	Inclination to ecliptic	Orbital eccentricity	Planetary discriminant
?????	Asteroid belt	2.768	4.604	17.90	10.59°	0.079	0.3
??????	Kuiper belt ( plutino )	39.40	247.3	4.75	20.58°	0.220	0.003
??????	Kuiper belt ( plutino )	39.48	247.9	4.74	17.16°	0.249	0.08
???????	Kuiper belt ( 12:7 )	43.22	284.1	4.53	28.19°	0.191	0.02
???????	Kuiper belt ( cubewano )	43.69	288.8	4.51	7.99°	0.040	0.007
??? ???	Kuiper belt ( cubewano )	45.56	307.5	4.41	28.98°	0.158	0.02
??????	Scattered disc ( 10:3 )	67.38	553.1	3.63	30.74°	0.503	0.01
?????	Scattered disc	67.78	558.0	3.62	44.04°	0.441	0.1
??????	Detached	506.8	? 11,400	? 1.3	11.93°	0.855	< 0.07

Physical attributes
????	?? ? ???????? ?????????	????????? (km)	?? ? ???????? ????????	???????? ( × 10 ²¹ kg)	?????? (g/cm ³)	?????? ???? (hours)	???????????	albedo	H
?????	27%	939.4 ± 0.2	1.3%	0.94	2.16	9.1	0	0.09	3.3
??????	26%	910 +50 ?40	0.9%	0.64 ± 0.02	1.57 ± 0.15	13 ± 4	1	0.23 +0.02 ?0.01	2.2
??????	68%	2377 ± 3	17.7%	13.03 ± 0.03	1.85	6d 9.3h	5	0.49 to 0.66	?0.76
( ?????? )	35%	1212 ± 1	2.2%	1.59 ± 0.02	1.70 ± 0.02	6d 9.3h	?	0.2 to 0.5	1
???????	? 45%	? 1560 ^[13]	5.5%	4.01 ± 0.04	? 2.02 ^[13]	3.9	2	? 0.66	0.2
???????	32%	1110 ± 5	1.9%	1.4 ± 0.2	2.0 ± 0.5	17.7	1	0.11 ± 0.01	2.4
????????	41%	1430 +38 ?22	? 4.2%	? 3.1	? 1.7	22.8	1	0.81 +0.03 ?0.05	?0.3
??????	35%	1230 ± 50	2.4%	1.75 ± 0.07	1.74 ± 0.16	22.4 ± 0.2 ?	1	0.14 ± 0.01	1.8
?????	67%	2326 ± 12	22.6%	16.6 ± 0.2	2.52 ± 0.07	25.9 ± 0.5	1	0.96 ± 0.04	?1.1
??????	29%	995 ± 80	? 1%?	? 1?	?	10 ± 3	0?	0.32 ± 0.06	1.5

??????? [ ???????? ]

???? ????????

???????? [ ???????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ????????????? ????: ?????? <ref> ????; finalresolution ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
↑ ????????????? ????: ?????? <ref> ????; Resolution Result ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet
↑ Brown, Michael E. ; Schaller, Emily L. (June 15, 2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science . 316 (5831): 1585. Bibcode : 2007Sci...316.1585B . doi : 10.1126/science.1139415 . PMID 17569855 . S2CID 21468196 . {{ cite journal }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
↑ Koski, Olivia (December 27, 2010). "Q&A: Astronomer Mike Brown on How He Killed Pluto" . Wired . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .
↑ Perlman, David (August 25, 2006). "Pluto demoted ? from 9th planet to just a dwarf" . San Francisco Chronicle . July 30, 2010 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .
↑ Kennedy, Stephanie (August 25, 2006). "Pluto stripped of planet status" . "AM", ABC Local Radio . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .
↑ Rincon, Paul (August 25, 2006). "Pluto vote 'hijacked' in revolt" . BBC News . ??????????? January 26, 2008 .
↑ Jorge Salazar (November 30, 2009). "Alan Stern: 'A Chihuahua is still a dog, and Pluto is still a planet' " . EarthSky (Earthsky Interviews) . ??????????? December 8, 2009 .
↑ Stern, S. Alan (1991). "On the number of planets in the outer solar system: Evidence of a substantial population of 1000-km bodies". Icarus . 90 (2): 271?281. Bibcode : 1991Icar...90..271S . doi : 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90106-4 .
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Dunham, E. T.; Desch, S. J.; Probst, L. (April 2019). "Haumea's Shape, Composition, and Internal Structure". The Astrophysical Journal . 877 (1): 11. arXiv : 1904.00522 . Bibcode : 2019ApJ...877...41D . doi : 10.3847/1538-4357/ab13b3 .

??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? . ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? .

[finalresolution-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ????????????? ????: ?????? <ref> ????; finalresolution ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????

[Resolution_Result-2] ????????????? ????: ?????? <ref> ????; Resolution Result ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????

[3] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons

[4] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet

[Brown_Schaller_2007-6] Brown, Michael E. ; Schaller, Emily L. (June 15, 2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science . 316 (5831): 1585. Bibcode : 2007Sci...316.1585B . doi : 10.1126/science.1139415 . PMID 17569855 . S2CID 21468196 . {{ cite journal }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )

[7] Koski, Olivia (December 27, 2010). "Q&A: Astronomer Mike Brown on How He Killed Pluto" . Wired . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .

[8] Perlman, David (August 25, 2006). "Pluto demoted ? from 9th planet to just a dwarf" . San Francisco Chronicle . July 30, 2010 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .

[9] Kennedy, Stephanie (August 25, 2006). "Pluto stripped of planet status" . "AM", ABC Local Radio . ??????????? February 12, 2012 .

[Stern-10] Rincon, Paul (August 25, 2006). "Pluto vote 'hijacked' in revolt" . BBC News . ??????????? January 26, 2008 .

[Stern2009-11] Jorge Salazar (November 30, 2009). "Alan Stern: 'A Chihuahua is still a dog, and Pluto is still a planet' " . EarthSky (Earthsky Interviews) . ??????????? December 8, 2009 .

[12] Stern, S. Alan (1991). "On the number of planets in the outer solar system: Evidence of a substantial population of 1000-km bodies". Icarus . 90 (2): 271?281. Bibcode : 1991Icar...90..271S . doi : 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90106-4 .

[Dunham2019-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Dunham, E. T.; Desch, S. J.; Probst, L. (April 2019). "Haumea's Shape, Composition, and Internal Structure". The Astrophysical Journal . 877 (1): 11. arXiv : 1904.00522 . Bibcode : 2019ApJ...877...41D . doi : 10.3847/1538-4357/ab13b3 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

????? (1801)		?????? (1930)
????? (2005)	???????? (2005)		??????? (2004)
The five dwarf planets recognized by the IAU: Ceres as seen from the Dawn spacecraft . It is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt . Pluto as viewed by New Horizons space probe on July 13, 2015. Eris and its moon Dysnomia viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope . Makemake and its moon S/2015 (136472) 1 viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope. Haumea and its two moons Namaka and Hi'iaka viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope.