?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? 563 ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? 624 ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???. ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????. ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ?????, ????????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???, ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???, ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???.

??? ???? ????? ?????? ( Suppabuddha ?? Amita ???? ?????? ), ?? ??? ????? ??? ????: ???? ????? . ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???.

???????? ??? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????. ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????. ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????. ?????????? ???? ?????.

?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? 10,000?? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???, ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???. ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???.

?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???.

???? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?. ???? ?????? ?????????? . ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?.

????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????.

???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ?? "????? ????? ???????? ???????" ??? ??? ??? ???. ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??.

?????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????.

????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????. ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????.??????? ?? ?????  ????? ???????? ????? ????????. . ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???. ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????. ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????? ? ??????? "?? ????????" (???????? ???? ????? ????) ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???.

???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? .

????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? -???? ( ????  ; ??????? : S?tra-Pi?aka ) ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??. ^[1] ? ????? ????, ??? , "???? ???????????" ??? ???????? ???? ( ??????? : Dharma ) ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[2] ???? ????? ?????????, ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??. ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????, ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ( ??????? : P?r?a Maitr?ya??putra ) ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??. ^[3] ??? ??????? ????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??. ^[4] ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??? (??????? ???????) ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????. ^{[5] [6]} ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ??? ????? ???, ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.

????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???, ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???, ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??. ^[6] ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??. ^{[4] [7]} ????? ????????? ????? 463 ?? ??? ?? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? (??????) ????? ??.

??????? [ ???????? ]

  ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? (??, ???? ????????, ?????? ???? ???? ???????) ???. ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???.

?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???, ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??.

??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???.

??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???. ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ???, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??.

???? ????? [ ???????? ]

???? ??????????? ??????? ???; ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ???? ??? .

??????? ????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? . ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???.

??? ????????? ????? [ ???????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ( ??????? : Mah?paj?pat? Gotam? ) ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? (?? ????????) ??? ?. ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???  ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????.?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????.????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????.

???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ??????? ???, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? .

????? [ ???????? ]

????? ( ???? ?? ???????) ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???. ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??. ^[8] ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????. ^[9] ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? , ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? . ^{[6] [10]} ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ^[11] ????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????. ^[12] ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???, ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??, ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????. ^[13] ??????? Wolfgang Schumann  ( de ) ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??, ^[14] ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???????. ^[15]

????? ?????? ??? ???? ^[16] ?? ??????? ^[17] ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? . ^[6] ??? ???? ????????? ??????, ????? ???????, ^[16] ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ^[17] ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??. ^{[16] [17]} ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????, ^[6] ???????? ??????????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ^[9] ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???, ^[5] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ^[12] ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?, ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??. ^[18]

1. ↑ ????????????? ????: ?????? <ref> ????; Powers ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
2. ↑ Sarao, K. T. S. (2004). "Ananda" . in Jestice, Phyllis G.. Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO . p. 49.
   ISBN   1-85109-649-3
   . https://books.google.com/?id=aWXWtAEACAAJ .  
3. ↑ Witanachchi 1965 .
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Keown 2004 .
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Malalasekera 1960 .
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4} Buswell & Lopez 2013 .
7. ↑ Bechert, Heinz (2005). "The Date of the Buddha Reconsidered" . The Date of the Buddha Reconsidered . Routledge .
   ISBN   0-415-33227-3
   . http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Buddhism_Critical%20Concepts%20in%20Religious%20Studies_Paul-Williams_Vol_1.pdf . ????????????? 2021-10-24 .  
8. ↑ Meeks 2016 , ???? ????: 139.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1} Strong 1997 .
10. ↑ Saddhasena 2003 , ???? ????: 481.
11. ↑ Strong 1997 , ???? ????: 119.
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1} Meeks 2016 .
13. ↑ Strong 1997 , ???? ????: 120.
14. ↑ Schumann 2004 , ???? ????: 46.
15. ↑ Peri 1918 .
16. ↑ ^{16.0 16.1 16.2} Saddhasena 2003 .
17. ↑ ^{17.0 17.1 17.2} Crosby 2013 .
18. ↑ Nakagawa 2005 .