?????

	?????? ← ????? → ??????????
????????
	????????? (????????) ?? ??? (???????) ; ; ; ??????? ???????? ????
??????? ???
?? , ?????? , ?????????	?????, C, 6
????????	/ ? k ?r b ?n /
??????????? ??????	nonmetal
?????? , ?????? , ?????	14 , 2 , p
??????? ??????? ???????	12.0107(8)?g·mol ?1
??????????? ?????????	1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 or [He] 2s 2 2p 2
??? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????	2,4
?????????? ???
?????	Solid
?????? ( ??.?. ??)	amorphous: 1.8?2.1 g·cm ?3
?????? ( ??.?. ??)	graphite: 2.267 g·cm ?3
?????? ( ??.?. ??)	diamond: 3.515 g·cm ?3
????????????	3915 K ,?3642 ° C ,?6588 ° F
?????? ????????	4600 K (4327° C ), 10800 kPa
????? ??????????	117 (graphite) kJ·mol ?1
??????? ??? ???????	(25 °C) 8.517(graphite), ; 6.155(diamond) J·mol ?1 ·K ?1
??????? ???
???????? ????	4 , 3 , 2, 1 , 0 , -1 , -2 , -3 , -4
????????? ?????	2.55 (????? ??????????)
??????? ?????	1??: 1086.5 kJ·mol ?1
	2??: 2352.6 kJ·mol ?1
	3??: 4620.5 kJ·mol ?1
??????? ???	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
????? ?????? ???	170 pm
??????????
??????????	diamagnetic
??? ??????????	(300 K) 119-165 (graphite) ; 900-2300 (diamond) W·m ?1 ·K ?1
??? ?????????	(25 °C) 0.8 (diamond) μm·m ?1 ·K ?1
????? ???? (???? ?????? ????)	(20 °C) 18350 (diamond) m/s
?? ???????	1050 (diamond) GPa
????????? ???????	478 (diamond) GPa
???? ???????	442 (diamond) GPa
???????? ???????	0.1 (diamond)
?? ???????	1-2 (Graphite) ; 10 (Diamond)
CAS ?????? ????	7440-44-0
?????? ?????? ?????????
	??????? ?????: ????? ?? ?????????
	v ; t ; e ;

????? ???????. ??????? , ???????? , C ₆₀(???????) ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ????. C ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? . ???????? ????? 2 ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????. C ₁₀, C ₁₁, C ₁₂, C ₁₃, C ₁₄, C ₁₅ ??????? ??????? ????????? 6 ?? ????. C ₁₂ ?? C ₁₃ ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????.

????? ????? ???? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? 0.2 ????. ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ( ???? ??? ) ????? ????????. ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????

???????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.), Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press,
ISBN 0-8493-0486-5
↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon . 14 : 357. doi : 10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5 .
↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963?2003)". Carbon . 43 : 1115. doi : 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027 .
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF) . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF) . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds" . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Properties of diamond , Ioffe Institute Database

????? ????? [ ???????? ]

Carbon on In Our Time at the BBC
The Periodic Table of Videos video of Carbon at YouTube
Carbon on Britannica
WebElements.com ? Carbon
Extensive Carbon page at asu.edu
Electrochemical uses of carbon ???????? ?? ????? 2001-11-09 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
Carbon ? Super Stuff. Animation with sound and interactive 3D-models. ???????? ?? ????? 2012-11-09 at the Wayback Machine

[CRC-1] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.), Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press,
ISBN 0-8493-0486-5

[triple2-2] Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon . 14 : 357. doi : 10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5 .

[triple3-3] Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963?2003)". Carbon . 43 : 1115. doi : 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027 .

[4] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF) . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .

[5] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF) . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .

[6] "Carbon: Binary compounds" . ??????????? 2007-12-06 .

[7] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[ioffe-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 Properties of diamond , Ioffe Institute Database

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