|
????????
|
??????? ??? ?????
????????????
???????? ????
|
??????? ???
|
??
,
??????
,
?????????
|
??????????, Al, 13
|
????????
|
???
:
i
/
?
æ
lj
?
?
m
?
n
i
?
m
/
AL
-ew-
MIN
-ee-?m
|
??????????? ??????
|
post-transition metal
|
Category notes
|
???? ???????? ??
??????????
??? ?????.
|
??????
,
??????
,
?????
|
13
,
3
,
p
|
????? ??????? ???????
|
26.9815385
(7)
g·mol
?1
|
??????????? ?????????
|
[
Ne
] 3s
2
3p
1
|
???
?? ???
???????????
????????
|
2, 8, 3
|
?????????? ???
|
?????
|
??
|
??????
(
??.?.
??)
|
2.70
g·cm
?3
|
??????????
?? ?????
??????
|
2.375 g·cm
?3
|
?????????
|
933.47
K
,?660.32 °
C
,?1220.58 °
F
|
???????
|
2743
K
,?2470 °
C
,?4478 °
F
|
????? ??????????
|
10.71
kJ·mol
?1
|
????????? ??????????
|
284
kJ·mol
?1
|
??????? ??? ???????
|
(25 °C) 24.20 J·mol
?1
·K
?1
|
????? ?????
|
???. (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
???. (K)
|
1482
|
1632
|
1817
|
2054
|
2364
|
2790
|
|
??????? ???
|
???????? ????
|
3
, 2,
[1]
1
[2]
((an
amphoteric
oxide))
|
????????? ?????
|
1.61 (????? ??????????)
|
??????? ?????
|
1??: {{{1st ionization energy}}}
kJ·mol
?1
|
2??: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol
?1
|
3??: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol
?1
|
??????? ???
|
143
pm
|
??????? ???
|
121±4 pm
|
????? ?????? ???
|
184 pm
|
??????????
|
?????? ??????
|
face-centered cubic
|
??????????
|
paramagnetic
|
????????? ?????????????
|
(20 °C) 28.2Ω·m
|
??? ??????????
|
(300 K) 237 W·m
?1
·K
?1
|
??? ?????????
|
(25 °C) 23.1 μm·m
?1
·K
?1
|
????? ????
(???? ?????? ????)
|
(
??.?.
) (rolled) 5000
m·s
?1
|
?? ???????
|
70 GPa
|
????????? ???????
|
26 GPa
|
???? ???????
|
76 GPa
|
???????? ???????
|
0.35
|
?? ???????
|
2.75
|
????? ???????
|
167 MPa
|
????????? ???????
|
245 MPa
|
CAS ?????? ????
|
7429-90-5
|
?????? ?????? ?????????
|
??????? ?????:
?????????? ?? ?????????
|
|
|
??????????
(??
????????
;
????????????? ????????
?????) ??? ??????
Al
?
??????? ?????????
13 ?? ?
?????? ??????
? ????
??????? ????????????
??. ?? ??????? ????, ????, ?????
????
??. ??????????
???? ?????? ????????????
(
????????
??
???????
????? ???) ?? ???
??????
?????
??
?????? ????
? ??. ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? 8% ?? ??? ????????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ????????????????? ?? ??????
????? ???????
?????
?????????
?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??. ? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????
????
???? 270 ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ????.
[3]
?????????? ?? ???????
????
?????
?????????
?.