????????
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????
(
????
??????? ??????????;
?.
304
? 232 ?????????) ???, ?????????
?.
268
??? 232 ?????
????????? ?????????????
???????
??????
????? ????????
???.
[1]
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???????????
(
???????
, ???????
?????????
) ?? ???,
????????
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???????
?? ???, ?????????? ????? ???.
???? ??????????? ??.?? 304 - 232 ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????. ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????.(????????? ?????? ???????????) ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? "????????????? ???????????" ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ???? H.G.?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????.
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[3]
:205
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[4]
????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??-???????? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ?????????? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??. ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ???????????
??????
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[6]
???? ???????
[
????????
]
Edicts of Ashoka
(Ruled 269–232 BCE)
|
Regnal years
of Ashoka
|
Type of Edict
(and location of the inscriptions)
|
Geographical location
|
Year 8
|
End of the
Kalinga War
and conversion to the "
Dharma
"
|
|
Year 10
[1]
|
Minor Rock Edicts
|
Related events:
Visit to the
Bodhi tree
in
Bodh Gaya
Construction of the
Mahabodhi Temple
and
Diamond throne
in Bodh Gaya
Predication throughout India.
Dissenssions in the
Sangha
Third Buddhist Council
In Indian language:
Sohgaura inscription
Erection of the
Pillars of Ashoka
|
Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
(in
Greek
and
Aramaic
,
Kandahar
)
|
Minor Rock Edicts in
Aramaic
:
Laghman Inscription
,
Taxila inscription
|
Year 11 and later
|
Minor Rock Edicts (n°1, n°2 and n°3)
(
Panguraria
,
Maski
,
Palkigundu and Gavimath
,
Bahapur/Srinivaspuri
,
Bairat
,
Ahraura
,
Gujarra
,
Sasaram
,
Rajula Mandagiri
,
Yerragudi
,
Udegolam
,
Nittur
,
Brahmagiri
,
Siddapur
,
Jatinga-Rameshwara
)
|
Year 12 and later
[1]
|
Barabar Caves inscriptions
|
Major Rock Edicts
|
Minor Pillar Edicts
|
Major Rock Edicts in Greek:
Edicts n°12-13
(
Kandahar
)
Major Rock Edicts in Indian language:
Edicts No.1 ~ No.14
(in
Kharoshthi
script:
Shahbazgarhi
,
Mansehra Edicts
(in
Brahmi script
:
Kalsi
,
Girnar
,
Sopara
,
Sannati
,
Yerragudi
,
Delhi Edicts
)
Major Rock Edicts 1?10, 14,
Separate Edicts 1&2
:
(
Dhauli
,
Jaugada
)
|
Schism Edict
,
Queen's Edict
(
Sarnath
Sanchi
Allahabad
)
Lumbini inscription
,
Nigali Sagar inscription
|
Year 26, 27
and later
[1]
|
Major Pillar Edicts
|
In Indian language:
Major Pillar Edicts No.1 ~ No.7
(
Allahabad pillar
Delhi-Meerut
Delhi-Topra
Rampurva
Lauria Nandangarh
Lauriya-Araraj
Amaravati
)
Derived inscriptions in
Aramaic
, on rock:
Kandahar, Edict No.7
[2]
[3]
and
Pul-i-Darunteh, Edict No.5 or No.7
[3]
|
|
|
---|
????????
| |
---|
????? ????????
| |
---|
?????
| |
---|
- ↑
1.0
1.1
1.2
Yailenko,Les maximes delphiques d'Ai Khanoum et la formation de la doctrine du dhamma d'Asoka, 1990,
p. 243
???????? ?? ?????
12 ???? 2019 at the
Wayback Machine
.
- ↑
Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar
p. 30
???????? ?? ?????
19 ???????? 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ↑
3.0
3.1
Handbuch der Orientalistik de Kurt A. Behrendt
p. 39
???????? ?? ?????
9 ???????? 2022 at the
Wayback Machine