??????????? 19

??????????? 19 (1801 ?????????? 1 - 1900 ??????????? 31) ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? 19???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? 1876 ????????? ^[1] ????? 1878 ???? ???????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ^[2] ????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? 19??? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? 20 ???????????????? ^[3] ??????? ???????????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ^[4] ???? ??????????? 19 ??? ???????????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? 200 ????? ??????????????? 400 ????????????? ^[5] ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? 1 ????? ???????????????????? 6.7 ??????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????

????????? [ ??????? | ?????????????? ]

↑ The First Telephone Call .
↑ Dec. 18, 1878: Let There Be Light ? Electric Light . WIRED (18 December 2009).
↑ [ https://web.archive.org/web/20070105005042/http://corporate.britannica.com/press/inventions.html Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Inventions]. Encyclopædia Britannica .
↑ The United States and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th Century . Americanhistory.about.com ( 2012-09-18 ). Archived from the original on 2012-07-28 ? Retrieved on 2012-10-31 ?
↑ Modernization ? Population Change . Encyclopædia Britannica . Archived from the original on April 6, 2009 ?

??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????

[1] The First Telephone Call .

[2] Dec. 18, 1878: Let There Be Light ? Electric Light . WIRED (18 December 2009).

[3] [ https://web.archive.org/web/20070105005042/http://corporate.britannica.com/press/inventions.html Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Inventions]. Encyclopædia Britannica .

[4] The United States and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th Century . Americanhistory.about.com ( 2012-09-18 ). Archived from the original on 2012-07-28 ? Retrieved on 2012-10-31 ?

[5] Modernization ? Population Change . Encyclopædia Britannica . Archived from the original on April 6, 2009 ?

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