Bezvla??e (Engleska i Normandija)

Bezakonje ( engl. The Anarchy ) je bio građanski rat u Engleskoj i Normandiji između 1135. i 1154., koji je odlikovao slom reda i zakona. Sukob je nastao zbog krize o nasleđivanju pri kraju vladavine Henrija I , kada se kraljev jedini zakoniti sin Vilijam Adelin udavio u brodolomu Belog broda 1120. Henrijevi poku?aji da postavi svoju k?erku Matildu za svog naslednika su bili neuspe?ni, kada je nakon njegove smrti 1135. njegov ne?ak Stiven od Bloa preuzeo vlast uz pomo? svog brata, biskupa Henrija od Vin?estera . Po?etak Stivenove vladavine je bio obele?en ?estokim sukobima sa engleskim baronima, pobunjenim vel?kim vođama i ?kotskim invazijama. Nakon velike pobune na jugozapadu Engleske, Matilda je izvr?ila invaziju na Englesku uz pomo? svog polubrata Roberta od Glostera .

Nijedna strana nije uspevala da ondese odlu?nu prednost u prvim godinama rata. Matilda je kontrolisala jugozapad Engleske i dolinu Temze , dok je Stiven kontrolisao jugoistok. Zamkovi iz ovog perioda su bili lako branjivi i ve?ina borbi je bilo iscrpljuju?eg karatera i obuhvatala je opsade, prepade i ?arke između vojski vitezova i pe?adinaca, od kojih su mnogi bili pla?enici . Stiven je 1141. zarobljen nakon bitke kod Linkolna , ?to je izazvalo kolaps njegovog autoriteta u ve?em delu zemlje. Matildu je iz Londona proterala neprijateljski raspolo?ena masa pre nego ?to je stigla da bude krunisana za kraljicu. Ubrzo nakon toga je zarobljen Robert posle bitke kod Vin?estera i dve strane su se slo?ile da razmene zarobenike. Stiven je umalo zarobio Matildu 1142. tokom opsade Oksforda , ali je Matilda pobegla iz oksfordskog zamka na sigurno preko zaleđene Temze.

Rat se nastavio jo? mnogo godina. Matiltid suprug ?ofrua od An?uja je uspe?no pokorio Normadiju, ali u Engleskoj nijedna strana nije mogla da odnese pobedu. Pobunjeni baroni su po?eli da sti?u jo? ve?u mo? u severnoj Engleskoj i Isto?noj Angliji , sa velikim razaranjima u oblastima ve?ih borbi. Matilda se 1148. vratila u Normandiju, ostavi?i svog sina Henrija da vodio rat u Engleskoj. Stivenu nije uspelo da ubedi crkvu u Engleskoj da prizna njegovog sina za slede?eg kralja Engleske. Do po?etka 1150ih baroni i Crkva su ?eleli dugotrajniji mir.

Kada je Henri ponovo napao Englesku 1153. vojske obe strane nisu bile voljne da ratuju. Nakon ograni?enog pohoda i opsade Volingforda, Stiven i Henri su dogovorili Vin?esterski mir , kojim je Stiven priznao Henrija za svog naslednika. Stiven je umro slede?e godine i Henri II je zapo?eo dug period obnove Engleske. Hroni?ari su opisivali ovaj period kao onaj u kom su ?Hrist i njegove sveci zaspali“, a viktorijanski istori?ari su nazvali sukob ?bezakonjem“ zbog haosa, mada dana?nji istori?ari spore ta?nost tog izraza i tada?njih istorijskih navoda. ^[1]

Reference [ uredi | uredi kod ]

↑ Bradbury 2009 : str. 215

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[FOOTNOTEBradbury2009215-1] Bradbury 2009 : str. 215

[1]

Bezvla??e (Engleska i Normandija)

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