???????????

??????? ?????
????? ???? ????
Group:	Group IV ( (+)ssRNA )
?????:	??????????
??????:	????????????
???? ??????:	?????????????
???:	??????????????? ; ??????????????? ; ???????????????? ; ??????????????? ;
??? ???
	??????????? ;
?????
	????? ???????????-??? ?? ?? 1 ; ????? ???????????-?? ?? 43 ; ????? ???????????-229 E ; ???????????-???? ; ????????? ??? ???????????- ??? ?? ?? 2 ; ????- ??? ; ????- ??? ; ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? 5 ; ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? 4 ; ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? 9 ; ??? ??? ??? -???-????? ?? ?? 1 ; ???? 1 ???? ???/2012 ; ??? ???-?? ??? ??/2012 ;

??????????? ( ??????? : Coronavirus ) ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ^[2]^[3]. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? (+)ssRNA ??? ?????? ????? ??? ^[4].?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? (????) ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? 26 ??? 32 ?????? ^[5] ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ????-19 ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? 2019 ???? ???????????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? : ??????? ?? ?????? ??? (S), ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???(E)? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? (M) ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? (N) . ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? (??????????? ???????) ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??. ?????? ? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? (????????????) ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? (???????) ? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??.?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ????? (SARS coronavirus) ?? ????? ???? ? (??? ???)? ????? ?? ??? (S) ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????-????????? ?????? 2 (ACE2) ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??. ^[6] ???? ??????????? (??? ??? ?? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? (A) ???? ?? ???????) ? ?????????? ??????? (??? ?? HE) ???? ?? ?????-?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ^[7].

????? [ ??????? ]

?????? ???? ??????????? 1960 ? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ^[8]

?????? ?????? ????? [ ??????? ]

SARS CoronaVirus

SARS-Coronavirus-Replication

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oV) ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ?????????? ???. ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? (???????) ?? ??? ???? ??.

?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???:

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
SARS-CoV
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63, New Haven coronavirus)
Human coronavirus HKU1
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? 2012 ? HCoV-EMC ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? .
Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ^[9] ^[10]

?? ?? ?????? ?????? (Wuhan pneumonia) ?? ?????? ??????????? (Wuhan coronavirus) ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???. ^[11] (?? ?????? ? '????' ?? ???? ???? ????? (??????) ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???.) ^[12]

???????????? HCoV-229E? -NL63? -OC43? ? -HKU1 ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ? ??? (?????? ?????) ? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? (???????) ?? ??? ?????? ???. ^[13]

???? ?? ????? [ ??????? ]

"???????????" ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? (??????? "?????? ??? ?? ???") ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? "?????? ?????" ???? ??? ???.

????? [ ??????? ]

?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? 1960 ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? (????) ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????? (???) ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? (??????) ????? ????? E229 ? OC43 ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? (?????) ?? ????? ??? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? nCov-2019 ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? 31 ????? 2019 ??? ????? ? ????? ???. ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??.25 ????? 2020 ?? ??? ?? 13 ???? ^[14] ? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? (?????) ? ?? ?? ???? ???.
??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ^[15]. 30 ????? 2020? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ^[15]. 11 ??????? 2020? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????-19 ?? ???? ??? ^[15].

??????? [ ??????? ]

??????????? ?? ?????? 2019 (COVID-19) ?? ???????

??????????? ?? ?????? 2019 (COVID-19) ?? ???????? ?? ??? 2019?20 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? (?????????? ??????) ?????? ????? 2 (???? ?? ??-2) ?? ???? ??? ????? ???.

???? ?? ??? [ ??????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? 4 ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? (????????) ??? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? "?????? ?????? ???? CoV" ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??. ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? (???) ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? (????) ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.

?????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? (???? ?? ??? ????) ?? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??????? ? ???? ????????? ????? (IBV) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? (??????????? ????) ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? (???) ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???.

????? ?? ?????? [ ??????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???: ^[16]^[17]

???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???.
???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.
????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

?? ??? [ ??????? ]

2019?20 ??????????? ??? ???

????? [ ??????? ]

↑ Nidovirales
↑ de Groot R.J. et al 2011.. "Family Coronaviridae ". in King A.M.Q. et al (eds). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 806?828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 .
↑ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. "ICTV Master Species List 2009 ? v10" (xls) .
↑ enveloped = has viral envelopes covering their protective protein capsids; positive sense = the RNA sequence may be directly translated into the desired viral proteins.
↑ (?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??)
↑ " Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor ". Science 309 (5742): 1864?1868. September 2005. doi : 10.1126/science.1116480 . PMID 16166518 . Bibcode : 2005Sci...309.1864L . https://semanticscholar.org/paper/bbedaafec1ea70e9ae405d1f2ac4c143951630bc .
↑ de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J (2011). "Family Coronaviridae". In AMQ King, E Lefkowitz, MJ Adams, EB Carstens (eds.). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 806?828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 .-
↑ "Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It" . Caringly Yours . ???? ??? 2020-01-28 .
↑ "Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. Interim guidance, 10 January 2020" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.-
↑ Novel Coronavirus 2019, Wuhan, China | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.-
↑ "Pneumonia of unknown cause ? China" . World Health Organization. ??? 7 January 2020 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? 23 January 2020 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )
↑ "Novel Coronavirus 2019, Wuhan, China | CDC" . www.cdc.gov . ??? 20 January 2020 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? 23 January 2020 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )
↑ "Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses". Advances in Virus Research 100 : 163?188. 2018. doi : 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.01.001 . ISBN 978-0-12-815201-0 . PMID 29551135 .
↑ https://www.dw.com/ur/??????-?????-13-?????-???-????????-??????-????-???????-???/a-52136266
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen-
↑ ????? ??????,???????? ???????? ( Corona virus ) | ????? ????? ???? | ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? 29 June 2016 ^{[Date mismatch]} ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? .
↑ Editor. "?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????????" . ?????? ???? (???? ? Sindhi) . ???? ??? 2020-03-23 .

??????? ????? [ ??????? ]

???????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???.

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Coronaviridae
German Research Foundation (Coronavirus Consortium)

[1] Nidovirales

[groot-2] Groot R.J. et al 2011.. "Family Coronaviridae ". in King A.M.Q. et al (eds). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 806?828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 .

[3] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. "ICTV Master Species List 2009 ? v10" (xls) .

[4] enveloped = has viral envelopes covering their protective protein capsids; positive sense = the RNA sequence may be directly translated into the desired viral proteins.

[5] (?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??)

[li-6] " Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor ". Science 309 (5742): 1864?1868. September 2005. doi : 10.1126/science.1116480 . PMID 16166518 . Bibcode : 2005Sci...309.1864L . https://semanticscholar.org/paper/bbedaafec1ea70e9ae405d1f2ac4c143951630bc .

[groot2-7] Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J (2011). "Family Coronaviridae". In AMQ King, E Lefkowitz, MJ Adams, EB Carstens (eds.). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 806?828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 .-

[8] "Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It" . Caringly Yours . ???? ??? 2020-01-28 .

[WHO20200110&quot-9] "Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. Interim guidance, 10 January 2020" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.-

[CDC20200113-10] Novel Coronavirus 2019, Wuhan, China | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.-

[11] "Pneumonia of unknown cause ? China" . World Health Organization. ??? 7 January 2020 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? 23 January 2020 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )

[CDC202001132-12] "Novel Coronavirus 2019, Wuhan, China | CDC" . www.cdc.gov . ??? 20 January 2020 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? 23 January 2020 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )

[pmid29551135-13] "Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses". Advances in Virus Research 100 : 163?188. 2018. doi : 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.01.001 . ISBN 978-0-12-815201-0 . PMID 29551135 .

[14] ttps://www.dw.com/ur/??????-?????-13-?????-???-????????-??????-????-???????-???/a-52136266

[WHO-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen-

[16] ????? ??????,???????? ???????? ( Corona virus ) | ????? ????? ???? | ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? 29 June 2016 ^{[Date mismatch]} ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? .

[:0-17] Editor. "?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????????" . ?????? ???? (???? ? Sindhi) . ???? ??? 2020-03-23 .

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