????

???? ( ??????? : Dream ) ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ^[1].????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? (Oneirology) ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???. ^[2].???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ( ??????? : Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ) ? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? (muscles) ?? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???. ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? 20 ??? 30 ???? ?? ????? ??? ^[3] ^[4].?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? 3 ??? 5 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ^[5]. ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ??. ^[6] ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???. ^[7] ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ^[8]. ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???. ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? "???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???".

???? ?? ?????? ???? [ ??????? ]

???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ^[9]. ???? ? ?????? (vision) ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ^[9]. ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ^[9]. ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? (oneiromancy) ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ^[9]. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ^[9]. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ^[9]. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ^[9]. ???? ? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??? ^[9]. ???? ?? ???? 12 ? ??? 102 ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ^[9]. ???? 12 ?? ??? 44 ? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ^[9]. ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ^[9]. ???? ?? ???? ???? 8 ?? ??? 43 ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ^[9]. ???? ???? 48 ?? ??? 27 ? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ^[9]. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? 17 ??? ???? 60 ? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ^[9]. ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ^[9]. ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? (????:1037) ? ??? ??? (????:1198) ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ^[9]. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ^[9]. ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ^[9]. ??? ??? ???? (????:1762) ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ^[9]. ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? (????:1817) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[9].

????? [ ??????? ]

↑ ?????:Cite web.
↑ Kavanau, J.L. (2000). "Sleep, memory maintenance, and mental disorders". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 12 (2): 199?208. doi : 10.1176/jnp.12.2.199 . PMID 11001598 .
↑ [1] (REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness -J. Allan Hobson- Nature Reviews Neuroscience volume 10, pages803?813(2009)Cite this article- 2559 Accesses -235 Citations- 511- Altmetric- Metrics details Key Points)
↑ (Review REM Sleep and Dreaming: Towards a Theory of Protoconsciousness J Allan Hobson. Nat Rev Neurosci. Nov 2009) [2]
↑ Empson, J. (2002). Sleep and dreaming (3rd ed.)., New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's Press
↑ Cherry, Kendra. (2015). " 10 Facts About Dreams: What Researchers Have Discovered About Dreams ??????? ??? ??? 2016-02-21 ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? .." About Education: Psychology . About.com.
↑ Ann, Lee. "HowStuffWorks "Dreams: Stages of Sleep " " . Science.howstuffworks.com. ??? May 15, 2012 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? August 11, 2012 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )
↑ Eichenlaub, Jean-Baptiste; van Rijn, Elaine; Gaskell, M Gareth; Lewis, Penelope A; Maby, Emmanuel; Malinowski, Josie E; Walker, Matthew P; Boy, Frederic et al . (2018-06-01). " Incorporation of recent waking-life experiences in dreams correlates with frontal theta activity in REM sleep ". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 13 (6): 637?647. doi : 10.1093/scan/nsy041 . ISSN 1749-5016 . PMID 29868897 .
↑ ^9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 ^9.14 ^9.15 ^9.16 ^9.17 ^9.18 ^9.19 - Encyclopedia of Islam- Juan E. Campo J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor-: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 - pages#202.203.204 ,

[1] ?????:Cite web.

[2] Kavanau, J.L. (2000). "Sleep, memory maintenance, and mental disorders". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 12 (2): 199?208. doi : 10.1176/jnp.12.2.199 . PMID 11001598 .

[3] [1] (REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness -J. Allan Hobson- Nature Reviews Neuroscience volume 10, pages803?813(2009)Cite this article- 2559 Accesses -235 Citations- 511- Altmetric- Metrics details Key Points)

[4] (Review REM Sleep and Dreaming: Towards a Theory of Protoconsciousness J Allan Hobson. Nat Rev Neurosci. Nov 2009) [2]

[5] Empson, J. (2002). Sleep and dreaming (3rd ed.)., New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's Press

[6] Cherry, Kendra. (2015). " 10 Facts About Dreams: What Researchers Have Discovered About Dreams ??????? ??? ??? 2016-02-21 ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? .." About Education: Psychology . About.com.

[7] Ann, Lee. "HowStuffWorks "Dreams: Stages of Sleep " " . Science.howstuffworks.com. ??? May 15, 2012 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? . ???? ??? August 11, 2012 . Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( ??? )

[8] Eichenlaub, Jean-Baptiste; van Rijn, Elaine; Gaskell, M Gareth; Lewis, Penelope A; Maby, Emmanuel; Malinowski, Josie E; Walker, Matthew P; Boy, Frederic et al . (2018-06-01). " Incorporation of recent waking-life experiences in dreams correlates with frontal theta activity in REM sleep ". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 13 (6): 637?647. doi : 10.1093/scan/nsy041 . ISSN 1749-5016 . PMID 29868897 .

[انسائيڪلوپيڊيا_آف_اسلام-9] 9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 ^9.14 ^9.15 ^9.16 ^9.17 ^9.18 ^9.19 - Encyclopedia of Islam- Juan E. Campo J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor-: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 - pages#202.203.204 ,

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