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Urdu

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Urdu
ur ‬ Lashkari (?????)
Urdu in Perso-Arabic script
( Nasta?l?q style)
Pronunciation Hindustani:  [??rd?u]
Native tae Pakistan , Indie , Bangladesh ("Bihari"), Nepal [1]
Native speakers
66 million (2007) [2]
Tot (only Urdu): 104 million (2010) [3]
Tot (includin Hindi ): 490 million (2010) [4]
Arabic ( Urdu alphabet [ Nasta?l?q )
Devanagari
Urdu Braille
Offeecial status
Offeecial leid in
  Pakistan
  Indie (states o Jammu an Kashmir ,
Andhra Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , Delhi )
Regulatit bi Naitional Leid Authority (Pakistan);
Naitional Cooncil for Promotion
o Urdu Leid [8] (Indie)
Leid codes
ISO 639-1 ur
ISO 639-2 urd
ISO 639-3 urd
Linguasphere 59-AAF-q (wi Hindi,
includin 58 varieties:
59-AAF-qaa tae 59-AAF-qil)
   Auries where Urdu is offeecial or cooffeecial
   (Ither) auries where Hindi is offeecial

Urdu ? ( Urdu : ?????? ‬ ‎, Urd? , pronounced  [?r?d?u]  ( listen ) ), forby said Lashkari ( ????? ?l??k?ri) [9] , is the heidmaist leid that is spak in Pakistan . It is in mony weys seemilar tae Hindi whan spak (the twa is mutually intelligable) it haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the Arabic . There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot.



Letter Names and Phonemes [ eedit | eedit soorce ]
Isolated
Letter
[N] 		Phoneme Urdu Letter Name [10] [11] Unicode
[12] [13] 		Nummer in
Urdu alphabet
IPA Scots Letter closest Phoneme in Scots closest Phoneme in Inglis Nastaliq
[footnote 1] 		diacritics
[11] 		Romanizations [11] [14] [11]
? /?ː/ /?/
/?/ /?/
[ citation needit ] 		(example needed) ??? ???? alif [11] / alef [13] U+0627 1 1
? /b/ (example needed) B in "bat" ?? ?? b? [11] / beh [13] U+0628 2 2
? /p/ (example needed) ?? ?? p? [11] / peh [12] U+067E 3 3
? /t?/ (example needed) ?? ?? t? [11] / teh [13] U+062A 4 4
? /?/ (example needed) ?? ?? ?? [11] / tteh [12] U+0679 5 5
? /s/ (example needed) ?? ?? s? [11] / s?? U+062B 6 6
? /d??/ (example needed) ??? ???? j?m [11] / jeem [13] U+062C 7 7
? /t??/ (example needed) ?? ?? ?? [11] / c? [11] / tcheh [12] U+0686 8 8
? /?/ (example needed) ??? ?? ???? ?? ba?? ħ? [11] / ba?? ??   U+062D 9 9
? /x/ "guttural" Kh [15] ch in "loch" [15] ?? ?? x? [11] / kh? [11] / khah [13] / k?h?   U+062E 10 10
? /d/ (example needed) ??? ??? d?l [11] / dal [13]   U+062F 11 11
? /?/ (example needed) ??? ??? ??l [11] / ddal [12] U+0688 12 12
? /z/ (example needed) ??? ??? z?l [11] / ??l U+0630 13 13
? /r/ (example needed) ?? ?? r? [11] / reh [13]   U+0631 14 14
? /?/ (example needed) ?? ?? ?? [11] / rreh [12]   U+0691 15 15
? /z/ (example needed) ?? ?? z? [11] / zey   U+0632 16 16
? /?/ (example needed) ?? ?? ?? [11] / zh? [11]   U+0698 17 17
? /s/ (example needed) ??? ???? s?n [11] / seen [13]   U+0633 18 18
? /?/ (example needed) ??? ???? ??n [11] / sh?n [11] / sheen [13]   U+0634 19 19
? /s/ (example needed) ??? ?????   sw?d [11] / sad [13] / ?w?d   U+0635 20 20
? /z/ (example needed) ??? ????? ?w?d [11] / ?w?d   U+0636 21 21
? /t/ (example needed) ??? ???? t?’? [11] / tah [13] / t?? / t?o'? / toy U+0637 22 22
? /z/ (example needed) ??? ???? z?’? [11] / z?? / z?o'?   U+0638 23 23
? /?ː/ /oː/ /eː/
/?/ /?/ /?/
(footnote) 		(example needed) ??? ????? ‘ain [11] / ain [13] ayn   U+0639 24 24
? /?/ (example needed) ??? ????? ?ain [11] / ghain [13] / g?hain U+063A 25 25
? /f/ (example needed) ?? ?? f? [11] / feh [13] U+0641 26 26
? /q/ (example needed) ??? ??? q?f [11] / qaf [13] U+0642 27 27
? /k/ (example needed) ??? ??? k?f [11] / k?f   U+06A9 28 28
? /?/ (example needed) ??? ??? g?f [11] / gaf [12]   U+06AF 29 29
? /l/ (example needed) ??? ??? l?m [11] / lam [13]   U+0644 30 30
? /m/ (example needed) ??? ???? m?m [11] / meem [13]   U+0645 31 31
? /n/ /?/
/?/ /ŋ/ 		(example needed) ??? ???? n?n [11] /  noon [13]   U+0646 32 32
? / ?? / (example needed) ??? ??? ????? ????? n?n-e ?unnah [11] / noon ghunna [12] / n?n g?hunnah U+06BA 33
??    ?   ???? U+0658
? /?/ /?/ /uː/ /oː/ /?ː/
[V/W] 		(example needed) ??? ??? v?? [11] /   w?? [11] / waw [13] / w?'o U+0648 34 33
? /?/ /?ː/ /e:/ (example needed) ??? ?? ??? ?? g?l h? [11] / heh goal [12] / gol h? U+06C1 35 34
? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?h??? h? [11] U+0647
[11] 		Arabic
[footnote]
? /?/ or /?/ (example needed) ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? d?-?a?m? h? [11] /
heh doachashmee [12]
/ do-cashm? h? 		U+06BE 36
? /j/ /iː/ /?ː/ (example needed) ????? ?? ????? ?? ?h??? y? [11] / cho?? y?   U+06CC 38 35
? /?ː/ /eː/ (example needed) ??? ?? ???? ?? ba?? y? [11] / yeh barree [12] U+06D2 39
? ? /?/ /?/ (footnote) (example needed) ???? ?????? hamzah [11] / hamza [13] U+0621 37 0 or 35
? ? U+0626


Tiotal canain Lashkari ann an sgriobt Nastaliq.

^Nastaliq: See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq" .

^V/W:

^Hamza: In the Urdu, hamza ? is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ? uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ? is aye attatcht ? tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ? alef maksura [citation needit].

^Ayn: Ayn ? in its initial ?? an final ?? poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun.

^Arabic Ha:

References [ eedit | eedit soorce ]

  1. ↑ "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 5 Mairch 2013 .
  2. ↑ Nationalencyklopedin "Varldens 100 storsta sprak 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007
  3. ↑ Katsiavriades, Qureshi, Kryss, Talaat. "The 30 Most Spoken Languages of the World" . Retrieved 5 Mairch 2013 .
  4. ↑ "A Guide to Urdu" . BBC. Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2012 . Retrieved 31 Januar 2012 .
  5. ↑ Hindustani (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedie o Leid an Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4 . CS1 maint: ref=harv ( link )
  6. ↑ Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2 (1930): 391-400.
  7. ↑ Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD."
  8. ↑ "National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language" . Urducouncil.nic.in . Retrieved 18 December 2011 .
  9. ↑ http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf
  10. ↑ Delacy 2003 , p. XV?XVI.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax "Urdu Alphabet" . www.user.uni-hannover.de . Archived frae the original on 11 September 2019 . Retrieved 29 Februar 2020 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k "Extended Arabic Letter" . unicode.org . Retrieved 7 May 1920 . Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Based on ISO 8859-6" . unicode.org . Retrieved 7 May 1920 . Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  14. ↑ Project Fluency (7 October 2016). Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately (Kindle ed.). p. Kindle Locations 66?67. ISBN   978-1539047803 .
  15. ↑ a b Kashani, Aabid (2019). Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide: Master The Fundamentals Of The Urdu Language (Kindle ed.). Dirk Alan Llorens?.
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