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Qin Shi Huang
(
Cheenese
:
秦始皇
; leeterally: "First Emperor of Qin"
pronunciation
(
help
·
info
)
; 18 Februar 259 BC – 10 September 210 BC) wis the foonder o the
Qin dynasty
(
秦朝
) an wis the
first emperor o a unifee'd Cheenae
. He wis born
Ying Zheng
(
?政
) or
Zhao Zheng
(
趙政
), a prince o the
state o Qin
. He becam the
King Zheng o Qin
(
秦王政
) whan he wis thirteen, then Cheenae's first emperor whan he wis 38 efter the Qin haed conquered aw o the ither
Warrin States
an
unified aw o Cheenae
in 221 BC.
[2]
Raither nor maintain the teetle o "
keeng
" borne bi the previous
Shang
an
Zhou
rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor (
始皇帝
) o the Qin dynasty frae 220 tae 210 BC. His sel-inventit teetle "emperor" (
皇帝
,
huangdi
), as indicatit bi his uise o the wird "First", wad conteena tae be borne bi
Cheenese rulers
for the next twa millennia.
In his reign, his generals greatly expandit the size o the Cheenese state:
campaigns
sooth o
Chu
permanently addit the
Yue
lands o
Hunan
an
Guangdong
tae the
Cheenese cultural orbit
;
campaigns
in Central Asie conquered the
Ordos Loop
frae the nomad
Xiongnu
, awtho eventually it wad an aa lead tae thair confederation unner
Modu Chanyu
. Qin Shi Huang an aa wirked wi his
meenister
Li Si
tae enact major economic an poleetical reforms aimed at the staundardisation o the diverse practices o the earlier
Cheenese states
.
[2]
He is tradeetionally said tae hae
banned an birned mony beuks an executit scholarts
, tho a closer examination renders the accoont doutfu.
[3]
His public warks projects includit the unification o diverse state waws intae a single
Great Waw o Cheenae
an a massive new naitional road seestem, as well as the ceety-sized
mausoleum
gairdit bi the life-sized
Terracotta Airmy
. He ruled till his daith in 210 BC efter a futile sairch for an
elixir o immortality
.
- ↑
Wood, Frances. (2008).
China's First Emperor and His Terracotta Warriors
, pp. 2–33. Macmillan Publishing, 2008.
ISBN
0-312-38112-3
.
- ↑
a
b
Duiker, William J. & al.
World History: Volume I: To 1800
, 5t ed., p. 78. Thomson Higher Education Publishing, 2006.
ISBN
0-495-05053-9
.
- ↑
Ren Changhong & al.
Rise and Fall of the Qin Dynasty
. Asiapac Books PTE Ltd., 2000.
ISBN
981-229-172-5
.