Charles Darwin
|
---|
|
Born
| Charles Robert Darwin
12 Februar 1809
(
1809-02-12
)
The Mount
,
Shrewsbury
, Shropshire, Ingland
|
---|
Dee'd
| 19 Apryle 1882
(1882-04-19)
(aged 73)
Down House
,
Downe
, Kent, Ingland
|
---|
Kent for
| The Voyage of the Beagle
On the Origin of Species
The Descent of Man
|
---|
Hauf-marrae(s)
| Emma Wedgwood
(
m.
1839)
|
---|
Bairns
| 10
|
---|
Awairds
| |
---|
Scientific career
|
Fields
| Naitural history
,
geology
|
---|
Institutions
| Tertiary eddication:
Varsity o Edinburgh Medical School
(medicine, na degree)
Christ's College
,
Cambridge
Bachelor o Airts
(1831)
Master o Airts
(1836)
[4]
Professional institution:
Geological Society o Lunnon
|
---|
Academic advisors
| John Stevens Henslow
Adam Sedgwick
|
---|
Influences
| Charles Lyell
Alexander von Humboldt
John Herschel
Thomas Malthus
|
---|
Influenced
| Hooker
,
Huxley
,
Romanes
,
Haeckel
,
Lubbock
|
---|
|
Signatur
| |
---|
Charles Robert Darwin
,
FRS
FRGS
FLS
FZS
[2]
(
;
[5]
12 Februar 1809 ? 19 Aprile 1882) wis an Inglis
naituralist
,
geologist
an
biologist
,
[6]
kent best fir his theory a
evolution
.
[I]
He wis thinkin aw species o life hae descendit ower time frae
common ancestors
.
[7]
Ats now kent as richt, aun a foundational concept fur scientists the day.
Wurkin wi
Alfred Russel Wallace
, he forwart scientific theory that all species a life decended fae eachother. This
sinderin paitern
a
evolution
wis cried
naitural selection
. A'hings
struggle fir existence
is awfy similar tae
artificial selection
in
selective breedin
.
[8]
Darwin is ane a the maist influential folk in human historie fir sure. Darwin furthset his theory o evolution wi compellin evidence in his 1859 beuk
On the Origin of Species
, owercomin scientific rejection o earlier concepts o
transmutation o species
.
[9]
[10]
Bi the 1870s, the scientific commonity an maist leart fowk war insense't wi the idea o evolution wis true. Houaniver, mony war mair taen wi
competin explanations
an it wis nae till efter the
modren evolutionary synthesis
o the 1930s tae the 1950s that braid concord wi keppit wi that naitural selection is the steidin evolution is biggit on.
[11]
[12]
Darwin's scientific wark is the maist-muckle theory o the
life sciences
, an expones the
diversity o life
.
[13]
[14]
Darwin taen a conceit wi naitur early on, whilk gart him mislippin his medical learnin at the
Varsity o Edinburgh
; insteid, he gied ae haund tae speir intil
marine invertebrates
. Studies at the
Varsity o Cambridge
(
Christ's College
) steert up his luve o
naitural science
.
[15]
Efter ae five-year vaige on
HMS
Beagle
, he wis ae weel-forrit geologist wi observes an theories that fordert
Charles Lyell
's
uniformitarian
ideas, an the furthsettin o his
jurnal o the vaige
gart him ae kenspeckle author.
[16]
Bumbazelt wi the geografi distribution o beasts an fossils gaithert on the vaige, Darwin pit doun ae puckle o jottins, an frae them biggit his theory o naitural selection in 1838 .
[17]
Thou he haed communes wi ae hantle ither naituralists about his ideas, he haedna time for richt canny resairch an his geological wark wis aye pit abuin aathin.
[18]
In 1858, whiles screivin his theory in 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace sent him ae quair that pit forrit the same idea, garrin the jynt furthsettin o
baith o thair theories
belive.
[19]
Darwin's wark establisht evolutionary strynd wi modification as the mucklest scientific raison ahint sinderins in naitur.
[11]
In 1871 he speirt intil
human evolution
an
sexual selection
in
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
, follaed bi
The Expression of the Emotions in Man an Animals
(1872). His resairch on plants wis furthset in a series o beuks, an in his lest beuk,
The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms
(1881), he leukit at
swinkies
an their eftercasts on syle.
[20]
[21]
Darwin, the day, is kent as ane o the maist influential fowk o aa time,
[22]
an he wis gien the mense o bein
yirdit in Wastminster Abbey
.
[23]
- ↑
a
b
"Fellows of the Royal Society"
. London: Royal Society. Archived frae
the original
on 16 Mairch 2015.
- ↑
Darwin in Cambridge
Archived
23 Mairch 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
- ↑
Charles Darwin's personal finances revealed in new find
Archived
19 October 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
- ↑
"Darwin"
Archived
18 Julie 2014 at the
Wayback Machine
entry in
Collins English Dictionary
.
- ↑
Desmond, Moore & Browne 2004
- ↑
Coyne, Jerry A. (2009).
Why Evolution is True
. Viking. pp.
8
?11.
ISBN
978-0-670-02053-9
.
- ↑
Larson 2004
, pp. 79?111
- ↑
Coyne, Jerry A.
(2009).
Why Evolution is True
. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
. p.
17
.
ISBN
0-19-923084-6
.
In
The Origin
, Darwin provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of life. Much of that book presents evidence that not only supports evolution, but at the same time refutes creationism. In Darwin's day, the evidence for his theories was compelling, but not completely decisive.
- ↑
Glass, Bentley
(1959).
Forerunners of Darwin
. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. iv.
ISBN
0-8018-0222-9
.
Darwin's solution is a magnificent synthesis of evidence...a synthesis...compelling in honesty and comprehensiveness
- ↑
a
b
van Wyhe 2008
- ↑
Bowler 2003
, pp. 178?179, 338, 347
- ↑
The Complete Works of Darwin Online ? Biography.
Archived
7 Januar 2007 at the
Wayback Machine
darwin-online.org.uk
. Retrieved 2006-12-15
Dobzhansky 1973
- ↑
As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri?St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "
The Origin of Species
has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time?one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world...It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling."
Carroll, Joseph, ed. (2003).
On the origin of species by means of natural selection
. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. p.
15
.
ISBN
1-55111-337-6
.
- ↑
Leff 2000
,
About Charles Darwin
- ↑
Desmond & Moore 1991
, pp. 210, 284?285
- ↑
Desmond & Moore 1991
, pp. 263?274
- ↑
van Wyhe 2007
, pp. 184, 187
- ↑
Beddall, B. G. (1968).
"Wallace, Darwin, and the Theory of Natural Selection"
(PDF)
.
Journal of the History of Biology
.
1
(2): 261?323.
doi
:
10.1007/BF00351923
. Archived frae
the original
(PDF)
on 30 October 2012.
"Archived copy"
(PDF)
. Archived frae
the original
(PDF)
on 30 October 2012
. Retrieved
7 December
2018
.
CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
)
- ↑
Freeman 1977
- ↑
"AboutDarwin.com ? All of Darwin's Books"
.
www.aboutdarwin.com
. Archived frae
the original
on 1 Apryle 2016
. Retrieved
30 Mairch
2016
.
"Archived copy"
. Archived frae the original on 1 Apryle 2016
. Retrieved
7 December
2018
.
CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (
link
)
- ↑
"Special feature: Darwin 200"
.
New Scientist
. Archived frae
the original
on 11 Februar 2011
. Retrieved
2 Apryle
2011
.
- ↑
"Westminster Abbey ≫ Charles Darwin"
.
Westminster Abbey ≫ Home
. 2 Januar 2016. Archived frae
the original
on 4 Mairch 2016
. Retrieved
2 Januar
2016
.
Leff 2000
,
Darwin's Burial