Zeus
|
---|
God o the sky, lichtnin, thunder, law, orner, juistice
|
The
Jupiter de Smyrne
, discovered in
Smyrna
in 1680
[1]
|
Abode
| Moont Olympus
|
---|
Personal Information
|
---|
Consort
| Hera
an various
ithers
|
---|
Childer
| Ares
,
Athena
,
Apollo
,
Artemis
,
Aphrodite
,
[4]
Dionysus
,
Hebe
,
Hermes
,
Heracles
,
Helen o Troy
,
Hephaestus
,
Perseus
,
Minos
, the
Muses
, the
Graces
|
---|
Parents
| Cronus
an
Rhea
|
---|
Siblins
| Hestia
,
Hades
,
Hera
,
Poseidon
,
Demeter
|
---|
Roman equivalent
| Jupiter
|
---|
In the
auncient Greek
releegion
,
Zeus
(
Auncient Greek
:
Ζε??
,
Zeus
;
Modren Greek
: Δ?α?,
Dias
) is the "Faither o Gods an men" (
πατ?ρ ?νδρ?ν τε θε?ν τε
,
pat?r andr?n te the?n te
)
[5]
who rules the Olympians o
Moont Olympus
as a faither rules the faimily. He is the
god o sky
an
thunner
in
Greek meethologie
. His
Roman
coonterpairt is
Jupiter
,
Hindu
coonterpairt is
Indra
an
Etruscan
coonterpairt is
Tinia
.
The god's name in the nominative is
Ζε??
Zeus
/zdeus/
. It is inflected as follows:
vocative
:
Ζε?
/ [
Zeu
]
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help
)
;
accusative
:
Δ?α
/ [
Dia
]
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help
)
;
genitive
:
Δι??
/ [
Dios
]
error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (
help
)
;
dative
:
Δι?
/ [
Dii
]
error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (
help
)
.
The name
Zeus
is the Greek continuation o *
Di??us
, the
Proto-Indo-European
god o the daytime sky, cried *
Dyeus ph
2
t?r
an aw ("Sky Father").
[6]
The god is kent unner this name in the
Rigveda
(
Vedic Sanskrit
Dyaus/Dyaus Pita
),
Laitin
(compare
Jupiter
, frae
Iuppiter
, derivin frae the
Proto-Indo-European
vocative *
dyeu-ph
2
t?r
[7]
), comin' fae the
ruit
*
dyeu
- ("tae shine", an in its mony derivatives, "sky, heiven, god").
[6]
Zeus is the anly deity in the Olympic
pantheon
whose name haes such a transparent Indo-European etymology.
[8]
The earliest attested forms o the name are the
Mycenaean Greek
di-we
an
di-wo
, written in
Linear b
syllabic script.
[9]
Plato
, in his
Cratylus
, gies a folk etymology o' Zeus meaning "cause o' life always to all things", because o' puns atween alternate titles of Zeus (
Zen
and
Dia
) wi tha Greek wirds fae life an' "because of". This etymology, wi Plato's entire method o' deriving etymologies, is'nay supported by modern scholarship.
Diodorus Siculus wrote that Zeus wis called Zen an aw, because the humans believed that he wis the cause o' life (zen). While Lactantius wrote that he was called Zeus an' Zen, no because he wis the giver of life, but because he wis the first who lived o' the children of Cronus.
Cronus sired several children by Rhea: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, an Poseidon, but swallowed them aw as soon as they were born, since he had learnt fae Gaia an' Uranus that he wis destined tae be overthrown by his son as he had previously overthrown Uranus, his ain faither, an oracle that Rhea heard and wished tae avert.
When Zeus wis about tae be born, Rhea sought Gaia tae devise a plan tae save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus an' his ain wanes. Rhea gave birth tae Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a rock wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed.
Varying versions of the story exist:
- According tae Hyginus (Fabulae, 139)) Zeus wis raised by a nymph named Amalthea. Since Saturn (Cronus) ruled aver the Earth, the heavens an' the sea, she hid him by dangling him on a rope fae a tree so he wis suspended atween earth, sea and sky and thus, invisible tae his faither.
- According to Pseudo-Apollodorus (Bibliotheca, 1.1.5-7)) Zeus wis raised by a goat named Amalthea in a cave called Dictaeon Antron (Psychro Cave). A company of soldiers called Kouretes danced, shouted and clashed their spears against their shields so that Cronus would'nay hear the greeting wane.
1
The Greeks variously claimit that the Moires/Fates wur the dochters o Zeus an the Titaness
Themis
or o primordial beins like
Chaos
,
Nyx
, or
Ananke
.
2
The Charites/Graces wur usually considered the dochters o Zeus an Eurynome but they wur said tae be dochters o Dionysus an Aphrodite or of Helios an the naiad Aegle an aw.
3
Some accoonts say that Ares, Hebe an Hephaestus wur born parthenogenetically.
4
Accordin tae ane version, Athena is said tae be born parthenogenetically.
5
Helen wis either the dochter o Leda or Nemesis.
- ↑
The sculpture was presented to
Louis XIV
as
Aesculapius
but restored as Zeus, ca. 1686, by
Pierre Granier
, who added the upraised right arm brandishing the
thunderbolt
. Marble, middle 2nd century CE. Formerly in the 'Allee Royale', (Tapis Vert) in the
Gardens of Versailles
, now conserved in the
Louvre Museum
(
official on-line catalog
)
- ↑
Homer
,
Il
.
, Beuk V.
- ↑
Plato
,
Symp.
, 180e.
- ↑
Thare are twa major conflictin stories for Aphrodite's oreegins:
Hesiod
's
Theogony
claims that she wis born frae the foam o the sea after Cronos castratit Uranus, makkin her Uranus's dauchter but
Homer
's
Iliad
haes Aphrodite as the dauchter o Zeus an Dione.
[2]
A speaker in
Plato
's
Symposium
offers that thay war separate feegurs:
Aphrodite Ourania an Aphrodite Pandemos
.
[3]
- ↑
Hesiod
,
Theogony
542 and other sources.
- ↑
a
b
"American Heritage Dictionary: Zeus"
. Archived frae
the original
on 13 Januar 2007
. Retrieved
3 Julie
2006
.
- ↑
"Online Etymology Dictionary: Jupiter"
. Retrieved
3 Julie
2006
.
- ↑
Burkert (1985).
Greek Religion
. p. 321.
ISBN
0-674-36280-2
.
- ↑
Palaeolexicon
, Word study tool of ancient languages
- ↑
Hyginus
,
Fabulae
155
- ↑
Scholia
on
Pindar
, Olympian Ode 9, 107
- ↑
Stephanus o Byzantium
, s. v.
D?d?ne
, wi a reference tae
Acestodorus
|
Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae
Zeus
.
|
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