Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Human immunodeficiency virus infection an acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(
HIV/AIDS
) is a spectrum o condeetions caused bi
infection
wi the
human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).
[9]
[10]
[11]
Follaein ineetial infection, a person mey nae notice ony symptoms or mey experience a brief period o
influenza-lik illness
.
[5]
Teepically, this is follaed bi a prolonged period wi na symptoms.
[6]
As the infection progresses, it interferes mair wi the
immune seestem
, increasin the risk o common infections lik
tuberculosis
, as well as ither
opportunistic infections
, an
tumors
that rarely affect fowk that hae wirkin immune seestems.
[5]
Thir late symptoms o infection are referred tae as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
[6]
This stage is eften an aa associatit wi
wecht loss
.
[6]
HIV is spread primarily bi
unpertectit sex
(includin
anal
an
oral sex
), contaminatit
bluid transfusions
,
hypodermic needles
, an
frae mither tae bairn
in
pregnancy
, delivery, or breastfeedin.
[12]
Some bodily fluids, sic as saliva an tears, dae nae transmit HIV.
[13]
Methods o prevention include
sauf sex
,
needle exchynge programmes
,
treatin thae that are infectit
, an
male circumcision
.
[5]
Disease in a baby can eften be preventit bi giein baith the mither an bairn
antiretroviral medication
.
[5]
Thare is na cure or
vaccine
; houiver, antiretroviral treatment can slaw the coorse o the disease an mey lead tae a near-normal life expectancy.
[6]
[7]
Treatment is recommendit as suin as the diagnosis is made.
[14]
Withoot treatment, the average survival time efter infection is 11 years.
[15]
In 2016 aboot 36.7 million fowk war leevin wi HIV an it resultit in 1 million daiths.
[16]
Thare war 300,000 fewer new HIV cases in 2016 nor in 2015.
[17]
Maist o thae infectit live in
sub-Saharan Africae
.
[5]
Atween its diskivery an 2014 AIDS haes caused an estimatit 39 million daiths warldwide.
[18]
HIV/AIDS is conseedert a
pandemic
?a disease ootbrak that is present ower a lairge aurie an is actively spreidin.
[19]
HIV is believed tae hae oreeginatit in wast-central Africae in the late 19t or early 20t century.
[20]
AIDS wis first recognised bi the Unitit States
Centres for Disease Control an Prevention
(CDC) in 1981 an its cause?HIV infection?wis identifee'd in the early pairt o the decade.
[21]
HIV/AIDS haes haed a great impact on society, baith as an illness an as a soorce o
discrimination
.
[22]
The disease an aa haes lairge
economic impacts
.
[22]
Thare are mony
misconceptions aboot HIV/AIDS
sic as the belief that it can be transmittit bi casual non-sexual contact.
[23]
The disease haes acome subject tae mony
controversies involvin releegion
includin the
Catholic Kirk's poseetion
nae tae support
condom
uise as prevention.
[24]
It haes attractit internaitional medical an poleetical attention as weel as lairge-scale fundin syne it wis identifee'd in the 1980s.
[25]
- ↑
"What Are HIV and AIDS? | HIV.gov"
.
www.hiv.gov
(in Inglis). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
. Retrieved
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
Mandell, Bennett, and Dolan (2010). Chapter 121.
- ↑
"HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC)"
.
aidsetc.org
(in Inglis). AIDS Education and Training Center Program. Archived frae
the original
on 18 October 2017
. Retrieved
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
"Wear your red ribbon this World AIDS Day | UNAIDS"
.
www.unaids.org
. UNAIDS Secretariat. Archived frae
the original
on 10 September 2017
. Retrieved
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
"HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360"
.
WHO
. November 2015. Archived frae
the original
on Februar 17, 2016
. Retrieved
Februar 11,
2016
.
- ↑
a
b
c
d
e
"About HIV/AIDS"
.
CDC
. December 6, 2015. Archived frae
the original
on Februar 24, 2016
. Retrieved
Februar 11,
2016
.
- ↑
a
b
UNAIDS (Mey 18, 2012).
"The quest for an HIV vaccine"
. Archived frae
the original
on Mey 24, 2012.
- ↑
a
b
c
"Global summary of the AIDS epidemic 2016"
(PDF)
.
UNAIDS
. UNAIDS. Juin 2017. Archived frae
the original
(PDF)
on 31 October 2017
. Retrieved
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
Sepkowitz KA (Juin 2001). "AIDS?the first 20 years".
N. Engl. J. Med
.
344
(23): 1764?72.
doi
:
10.1056/NEJM200106073442306
.
PMID
11396444
.
- ↑
editors, Alexander Kramer, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Klaus Krickeberg, (2010).
Modern infectious disease epidemiology concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health
(Online-Ausg. ed.). New York: Springer. p. 88.
ISBN
9780387938356
. Archived frae
the original
on September 24, 2015.
CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
link
) CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (
link
)
- ↑
Wilhelm Kirch (2008).
Encyclopedia of public health
. New York: Springer. pp. 676?677.
ISBN
9781402056130
. Archived frae
the original
on September 11, 2015.
- ↑
Markowitz, edited by William N. Rom ; associate editor, Steven B. (2007).
Environmental and occupational medicine
(4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 745.
ISBN
978-0-7817-6299-1
. Archived frae
the original
on September 11, 2015.
CS1 maint: extra text: authors leet (
link
)
- ↑
"HIV and Its Transmission"
.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
. 2003. Archived frae
the original
on 4 Februar 2005
. Retrieved
23 Mey
2006
.
- ↑
Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
(PDF)
. WHO. 2015. p. 13.
ISBN
9789241509565
. Archived frae
the original
(PDF)
on October 14, 2015.
- ↑
UNAIDS
,
WHO
(December 2007).
"2007 AIDS epidemic update"
(PDF)
. Archived frae
the original
(PDF)
on 27 Mey 2008
. Retrieved
12 Mairch
2008
.
- ↑
"Fact sheet ? Latest statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic | UNAIDS"
.
www.unaids.org
. Archived frae
the original
on Julie 13, 2017
. Retrieved
Julie 21,
2017
.
- ↑
"Global HIV and AIDS statistics"
.
AVERT
(in Inglis). 16 Julie 2015
. Retrieved
7 October
2017
.
- ↑
"Basic Statistics"
.
CDC
. November 3, 2015. Archived frae
the original
on Februar 13, 2016
. Retrieved
Februar 11,
2016
.
- ↑
Kallings LO (2008).
"The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS"
.
Journal of Internal Medicine
.
263
(3): 218?43.
doi
:
10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x
.
PMID
18205765
.
(subscription required)
- ↑
Sharp, PM; Hahn, BH (September 2011).
"Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic"
.
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
.
1
(1): a006841.
doi
:
10.1101/cshperspect.a006841
.
PMC
3234451
.
PMID
22229120
.
- ↑
Gallo RC (2006).
"A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years"
.
Retrovirology
.
3
(1): 72.
doi
:
10.1186/1742-4690-3-72
.
PMC
1629027
.
PMID
17054781
.
- ↑
a
b
"The impact of AIDS on people and societies"
(PDF)
.
2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
.
UNAIDS
. 2006.
ISBN
92-9173-479-9
. Retrieved
14 Juin
2006
.
- ↑
"Myth Busters"
. Archived frae
the original
on Februar 22, 2016
. Retrieved
Februar 14,
2016
.
- ↑
McCullom, Rob (Februar 26, 2013).
"An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS previousnext An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS"
.
The Atlantic
. Archived frae
the original
on Mairch 8, 2016
. Retrieved
Februar 14,
2016
.
- ↑
Harden, Victoria Angela (2012).
AIDS at 30: A History
. Potomac Books Inc. pp.
324
.
ISBN
1-59797-294-0
.