???? ?????

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?????	5,134,641 km 2 (1,982,496 sq mi)
?????	1,814,014,121 (2018) ( 1st )
????? ???????	362.3/km 2 (938/sq mi)
??.??.?? ( ??.??.?? )	$12.752 trillion (2018)
??.??.?? (???????)	$3.461 trillion (2018)
??? ????? ??.??.??	$1,908 (nominal) ; $7,029 (PPP)
????.??.??	0.642 ( medium )
????? ?????	Indo-Aryan , Iranian , Dravidian , Sino-Tibetan , Austroasiatic , etc.
??????	????? , ????? , ????? , ?????? , ???? , ???? , ?????????????
??? ?????	???? ??????
????? ??	8 states ??????????? ; ???????? ; ?????? ; ????? ; ?????? ; ????? ; ???????? ; ???????? ;
???????????	?????:Country data British Indian Ocean Territory ;
?????? ??	Official languages ????? ; Dari ( Persian ) ; Dzongkha ; ????? ; ????? ; Maldivian ; ?????? ; Pashto ; ??????? ; ????? ; ???? ; ???? ?????? ?? ?????????????? : ?????? ; ; ?????????????? : ????? ; ??????? ; ; ???????????? : Ja Basawa ; ; ?????? : Beary ; ????? ; ??????? ; ?????? ; ????????? ; ????? ; ????? ; ???? ; ; ?????????????? : ????? ; ?????? ; ????? ; ?????? ; ??????? ; ???????? ; Hindustani dialects ; ???????? ; ??????? ; ??????? ; ?????? ; Lahnda ; ???????? ; ??????? ; ??????? ; ?????? ; ??????? ; Rangpuri ; ???????? ; Saraiki ; Satgaiya ; ?????? ; Sylheti ; ; Sino-Tibetan : Tamang ; ; Turkic : Turkmen ; Uzbek ; ;
????? ????	5 time zones UTC+04:30 : Afghanistan ; ; UTC+05:00 : Maldives ; Pakistan ; ; ??????+??:?? : India ; Sri Lanka ; ; UTC+05:45 : Nepal ; ; UTC+06:00 : Bangladesh ; Bhutan ; ;
???????? ??.??.??	.af , .bd , .bt , .in , ; .lk , .mv , .np , .pk
??? ???	Zone 8 & 9
????? ????? ??	List ?????????? ; ????????? ; ?????? ; ????? ; ????? ; ??????????? ; ??????????? ; ?????? ; ??????? ; ????? ; ?????? ;
???.?? ???? ???	??? ? ???? ????? ; ??? ? ????? ; ??? ? ?????

???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? , ???? ???? ????? ????? , ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?

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Citations [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

↑ ?????? ??????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UN WPP 2019
↑ ?????? ??????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UN WPP 2019 2
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ?????? ??????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IMF
↑ "Human Development Report 2019 ? "Human Development Indices and Indicators" " (PDF) . HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme . pp. 22?25 . Retrieved 10 ???????? 2019 .

Sources [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

Burnell, P. J.; Calvert, P. (1 ?? 1999), The Resilience of Democracy: Persistent Practice, Durable Idea (1st ed.), Taylor & Francis , ISBN 978-0-7146-8026-2 , retrieved 2 ????????? 2019
Doniger, Wendy (2010), The Hindus: An Alternative History , Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199593347 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism , Cambridge University Press {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Gombrich, Richard F. (2006), in Williams, Paul, ed., Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, 8 volumes , London: Routledge
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007), "Hinduism" (Digital printing) , in Joseph Kitagawa (ed.), The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture , Routledge, ISBN 9781136875908 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), Encyclopedia of Hinduism , Infobase Publishing, ISBN 9780816075645 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Metcalf, B. ; Metcalf, T. R. (9 ??????? 2006), A Concise History of Modern India (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press , ISBN 978-0-521-68225-1
Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present , Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Michell, George (1977), The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms , University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226532301 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Possehl, Gregory L. (11 ????????? 2002), "Indus religion" , The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective , Rowman Altamira, pp. 141?156, ISBN 978-0-7591-1642-9 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Ramstedt, Martin (2004). Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion Between Local, National, and Global Interests . New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0700715336 .
Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century , Cambridge University Press {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Stein, Burton (2010), A History of India, Second Edition (PDF) , Wiley-Blackwell, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 ???????? 2014 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
Trainor, Kevin (2004), Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide , Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517398-7
Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" (PDF) , Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies , 1 (4): 1?26, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 ??? 2007 {{ citation }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )

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[UN_WPP_2019-1] ?????? ??????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UN WPP 2019

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[IMF-3] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ?????? ??????:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IMF

[UNDP2019-4] "Human Development Report 2019 ? "Human Development Indices and Indicators" " (PDF) . HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme . pp. 22?25 . Retrieved 10 ???????? 2019 .

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