????? ????? ?????

????? , ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? (????? ? Constitution of India ) ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? (?? ?????????) ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ^[?]^[?] ^[?] ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ? ^[?]

????? ????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ?? (?) ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ???-????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ^[?]

?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? (??? ?????) ????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? , ????? ?????? , ????? , ?????????? , ???????? , ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?

??????? ????? ????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????, ??????-???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?

??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?-

????????? (??? ????? ?????)

???????????? (????? ?????)

?????????? (?????? ?????????)

??????????? (??????? ?????)

??????????? ???????? ?????????? (??????? ????? ??????)

??? ????? ????? (Democracy) ?- [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?

???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? (President) ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?

????? ????? (Socialistic) :- [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ?????, ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?

????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ??????-???? ?? ?????-???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?

??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?

?????? ????????? (Secularism) :- [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?

??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

??????? ????? (Federalism) :- [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?-

????? ???????

????? ?? ????? ??????

????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???

???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?

??????? ????? ??? ??? (Independent Impartial Judiciary) :- [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? (Supreme Court) ??????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? (High Court) ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? (Fundamental Right) ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?

????? ???????? (Fundamental Right) [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?-

????? ???????? (Right to Equality)
??????? ???????? (Right to Freedom)
?????? ??????? ?? ???????? (Right against Exploitation)
?????? ??????? ???????? (Right to Freedom Religion)
?????? ?? ????? ???????? (Cultural and Educational Right)
??????? ????? ???????? (Right to Constitutional Remedies)

?? ????? ???????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?

?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??-??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?

?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????, ?????, ???, ?????, ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ????, ????, ????, ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?

?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????, ??????, ?????, ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ?

?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?

?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?

?? ??????? ???????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?

?? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?-

????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????
????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????
????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????
????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????

?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?-

??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?
??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?
???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?

?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?

?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?-

????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?
????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?
??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?

?? ?????? ??????? ???????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?

?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?

?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?

?? ?????? ????? ???????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

??.????.? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

↑ "Preface, The constitution of India" (PDF) . http://india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/constitution-india-full-text . Government of India . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . {{ cite web }}: External link in |website= ( help )
↑ "Introduction to Constitution of India" . Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008 . Retrieved 2008-10-14 .
↑ Das, Hari (2002). Political System of India . Anmol Publications. p. 120. ISBN 81-7488-690-7 .
↑ Pylee, M.V. (1997). India's Constitution . S. Chand & Co. p. 3. ISBN 81-219-0403-X .
↑ http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/facts.htm

????? ????? [ ?????? | ?????? ?????? ]

[1] "Preface, The constitution of India" (PDF) . http://india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/constitution-india-full-text . Government of India . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . {{ cite web }}: External link in |website= ( help )

[law_min_intro-2] "Introduction to Constitution of India" . Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008 . Retrieved 2008-10-14 .

[Hari_Das-3] Das, Hari (2002). Political System of India . Anmol Publications. p. 120. ISBN 81-7488-690-7 .

[longest-4] Pylee, M.V. (1997). India's Constitution . S. Chand & Co. p. 3. ISBN 81-219-0403-X .

[5] ttp://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/facts.htm

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