한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??????????, ????? ?????????? ?????????
????? ????? ???????
Johns Hopkins yearbook of 1891
????? ( ????- ?????????? : ??????????? ???????????? ? -?? ) ??, ????
Lexington, Kentucky
????? ?, ???? ( ????- ?????????? : ??????????? ???????????? ? -?? ) (???? ??)
Pasadena, California
??????? United States
??????????????? Geneticist
Embryologist
??????? Bryn Mawr College
Columbia University
California Institute of Technology
??????????? University of Kentucky ( B.S. ) ,
Johns Hopkins University ( Ph.D. )
???????????? John Howard Northrop
Hermann Joseph Muller
Nettie Maria Stevens
??????? ????????? Drosophila melanogaster
Linked genes
???????? ????????? Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine
in 1933


(???? ? ??. ??. ???? ?? ??. ??. ????)

??? ????? ????? ??????? (Thomas Hunt Morgan) ?????????????????? ??????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????-??????????-?????????????? “?????????” ?????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? “ ?????????”-?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ? ??? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? “???????” (??????) ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? (????) ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?

??????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ???? (Crosing over) ??? ????, ???? ?????? (Recombination) ?? ????, ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? “??????????” ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? “????????? ???” (?? ????? ??? ????) ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?

??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? “ ??????” ?????????? ????????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?

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