Pubertate

Detalii
Pubertatea
Etapele dezvolt?rii organelor genitale ale b?rbatului in timpul pubert??ii
Etapele de dezvoltare a sanilor femeii in timpul pubert??ii
Latin?	pub?ratum
Terminologie anatomic?

Pubertatea este perioada vie?ii dintre copil?rie ?i maturitate cand organismul uman, atat feminin, cat ?i masculin, se dezvolt? din punct de vedere psihic, cat ?i fizic, in special organele sexuale , devenind adult ?i capabil pentru a se reproduce sexual . Pubertatea declan?at? de stimulii hormonali din creier trimi?i c?tre gonade , ovarele la fete ?i testiculele la b?ie?i. Ca r?spuns la ace?ti stimuli gonadele produc hormoni care stimuleaz? libidoul ?i cre?terea, func?ionarea ?i transformarea creierului , oaselor , mu?chilor , sangelui , sanilor ?i organelor sexuale . Pubertatea incepe in general in jurul varstei de 10 - 12 ani ^[1]. La fete aceasta debuteaz? in jurul varstei de 10 - 11 ani ?i se incheie in jurul varstei de 15 - 17 ani, iar la b?ie?i debuteaz? la 11 - 12 ani ?i se incheie in jurul varstei de 16 - 17 ani. Punctul de inceput al pubert??ii la fete este menarha , stadiul de inceput al menstrua?iei , ce are loc prima dat? in jurul varstei de 12 - 13 ani. La b?ie?i punctul de inceput al pubert??ii este prima ejaculare , spermarha , ce apare prima dat? in jurul varstei de 12 - 13 ani.

Dezvoltarea organismului [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

In pubertate procesul de dezvoltare al organismului se accelereaz?. Intre 12 ?i 13 ani apare p?rul in regiunea pubian? ?i axilar?. Saltul statural (cre?terea rapid? in in?l?ime) la fete incepe la 10 ani ?i 6 luni ?i dureaz? pan? la 13 ani, cu varful vitezei de cre?tere in medie de 8,4 cm/an; la b?ie?i, incepe la 12 ani ?i 6 luni ?i dureaz? pan? la 15 ani, cu varful vitezei de cre?tere in medie de 9,4 cm/an, ca la varsta de 2 ani ^[2]. In jur de 15 ani apar co?urile pe fa??, se ingroa?? vocea la b?ie?i ?i incepe cre?terea p?rului facial.

Pe lang? modific?rile corporale pe care pubertatea le presupune, sunt foarte importante ?i schimb?rile emo?ionale ce caracterizeaz? aceast? perioad?. La varsta pubert??ii, copiii devin mai con?tien?i de propria inf??i?are, mai preocupa?i de crearea unui stil personal ?i de pozi?ionarea in raport cu ceilal?i.

Apare dorin?a de independen?? ?i de libertate in a lua decizii, iar comunicarea cu adolescentul poate deveni dificil?. In lipsa unei comunic?ri eficiente, rela?ia p?rinte-adolescent poate deveni distant?, iar aversiunea copilului adolescent fa?? de autoritatea p?rin?ilor poate declan?a numeroase conflicte.

Pubertate precoce [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Pubertatea precoce e pubertatea care se instaleaz? inaintea varstei de 9 ani la fete ?i 10 ani la b?ie?i. Simptomele pubert??ii precoce sunt: dezvoltarea sexual? rapid?, in?l?ime mai mare decat a copiilor de aceea?i varst?, dezvoltarea rapid? a sanilor la fete, cre?terea timpurie a penisului ?i a testiculelor la b?ie?i. Opusul pubert??ii precoce este pubertatea tarzie, aceasta e pubertatea care se instaleaz? la varsta de 15-16 ani. Copiii diagnostica?i cu aceast? afec?iune trebuie s? urmeze lunar un tratament injectabil, pan? la varsta pubert??ii normale. De altfel, in unele cazuri, pubertatea precoce ar putea fi confundat? cu telarha prematur?. Acest tip de afec?iune are un singur simptom, intalnit, de asemenea ?i la pubertatea precoce, ?i anume acela de dezvoltare inainte de vreme a sanilor. Deosebirea dintre cele dou? este c? telarha nu este provocat? de sistemul hipotalamus ?i nu necesit? tratament, ci doar supraveghere medical?.

Vezi ?i [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Note [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

^
- Strickland, Bonnie B., ed. ( 2001 ). ?Puberty” . The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-7876-4786-5 . The sequence and age range of the developmental changes associated with puberty can vary widely. Although most children begin puberty between the ages of 10 and 12, it can start at any age from 8 to 16. The most obvious determining factor is gender; on average, puberty arrives earlier for girls than boys. Heredity also appears to play an important role. Compared to an overall age range of nine to 18 for menarche, the age difference for sisters averages only 13 months and for identical twins, less than three months. Body weight is a factor as well: puberty often begins earlier in heavier children of both sexes and later in thinner ones. The onset of menstruation, in particular, appears to be related to amounts of body fat. Girls with little body fat, especially athletes, often start menstruating at a later than-average age. Over the past 100 years, puberty has tended to begin increasingly early in both sexes (a phenomenon called the secular trend ).
- Steinberg, Laurence ( 2000 ). ?Adolescence” . In Strickland, Bonnie B. The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 11. ISBN 0-7876-4786-1 . The timing of physical maturation varies widely. In the United States today, menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs around age 12, although some youngsters start puberty when they are only eight or nine, others when they are well into their teens. The duration of puberty also varies greatly: eighteen months to six years in girls and two to five years in boys.
^ Studiul unor parametri morfofunc?ionali cardiovasculari la diverse loturi de sportivi juniori

Leg?turi externe [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

http://www.bioterapi.ro/dictionar/index_terapeutic/index_terapeuticP.html Arhivat in 23 ianuarie 2008 , la Wayback Machine .
http://parinti.viatameaunjocserios.ro/articole/comunicare/ Arhivat in 5 mai 2012 , la Wayback Machine .
http://www.eva.ro/familie/copii/pubertatea-un-test-atat-pentru-parinti-cat-si-pentru-copii-articol-5226.html
Pubertatea, tot mai timpurie: de ce incep s? li se dezvolte sanii fetelor inc? de la 9 ani? , 4 noiembrie 2013, Descoper? - sursa

Wik?ionar

Caut? ? pubertate ” in Wik?ionar , dic?ionarul liber.

[Strickland2001-1] 
Strickland, Bonnie B., ed. ( 2001 ). ?Puberty” . The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-7876-4786-5 . The sequence and age range of the developmental changes associated with puberty can vary widely. Although most children begin puberty between the ages of 10 and 12, it can start at any age from 8 to 16. The most obvious determining factor is gender; on average, puberty arrives earlier for girls than boys. Heredity also appears to play an important role. Compared to an overall age range of nine to 18 for menarche, the age difference for sisters averages only 13 months and for identical twins, less than three months. Body weight is a factor as well: puberty often begins earlier in heavier children of both sexes and later in thinner ones. The onset of menstruation, in particular, appears to be related to amounts of body fat. Girls with little body fat, especially athletes, often start menstruating at a later than-average age. Over the past 100 years, puberty has tended to begin increasingly early in both sexes (a phenomenon called the secular trend ).

Steinberg, Laurence ( 2000 ). ?Adolescence” . In Strickland, Bonnie B. The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 11. ISBN 0-7876-4786-1 . The timing of physical maturation varies widely. In the United States today, menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs around age 12, although some youngsters start puberty when they are only eight or nine, others when they are well into their teens. The duration of puberty also varies greatly: eighteen months to six years in girls and two to five years in boys.

[2] Strickland, Bonnie B., ed. ( 2001 ). ?Puberty” . The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-7876-4786-5 . The sequence and age range of the developmental changes associated with puberty can vary widely. Although most children begin puberty between the ages of 10 and 12, it can start at any age from 8 to 16. The most obvious determining factor is gender; on average, puberty arrives earlier for girls than boys. Heredity also appears to play an important role. Compared to an overall age range of nine to 18 for menarche, the age difference for sisters averages only 13 months and for identical twins, less than three months. Body weight is a factor as well: puberty often begins earlier in heavier children of both sexes and later in thinner ones. The onset of menstruation, in particular, appears to be related to amounts of body fat. Girls with little body fat, especially athletes, often start menstruating at a later than-average age. Over the past 100 years, puberty has tended to begin increasingly early in both sexes (a phenomenon called the secular trend ).

[3] Steinberg, Laurence ( 2000 ). ?Adolescence” . In Strickland, Bonnie B. The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Second). Gale Group. p. 11. ISBN 0-7876-4786-1 . The timing of physical maturation varies widely. In the United States today, menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs around age 12, although some youngsters start puberty when they are only eight or nine, others when they are well into their teens. The duration of puberty also varies greatly: eighteen months to six years in girls and two to five years in boys.

[2] Studiul unor parametri morfofunc?ionali cardiovasculari la diverse loturi de sportivi juniori

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