Insula Cr?ciunului

Teritoriul Insulei Cr?ciunului ( englez? Territory of Christmas Island ) sau Insula Cr?ciunului este un mic teritoriu, f?r? guvernare proprie, apar?inand de Australia , aflat in Oceanul Indian , la 2.360 km Nord-Vest de Perth in Australia de Vest ?i 500 km la Sud de Jakarta , Indonezia .

Are o topografie natural? unic? ce a starnit interesul oamenilor de ?tiin?? ?i naturali?tilor datorit? num?rului de specii de flor? ?i faun? endemic? care a evoluat in izolare ?i neperturbate de locuitorii umani.

Istoria [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Descoperire [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Navigatorii britanici ?i olandezi au inclus pentru prima dat? insula pe itinerariile lor in secolul al XVII-lea. C?pitanul William Mynors (britanic), care era comandantul unei nave a Companiei Britanice a Indiilor de Est a numit insula atunci cand a navigat in ziua de Cr?ciun in 1643. ^[1] O hart? de Pieter Goos , publicat? in 1666, a fost prima care a inclus insula. Goos a etichetat insula cu denumirea de "Mony"; mul?i nu sunt siguri ce inseamn? acest lucru. ^[2]

Geografia [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Insula este un patrulater cu laturile scobite, are circa 19 kilometri in cea mai mare lungime ?i 14.5 km in l??imea extrem?. Suprafa?a total? de teren este de 135 km ², cu 138.9 km de coast?. Insula este piscul plat al unui munte submarin care are mai mult de 4.500 de metri, ^[3] adancimea platformei de pe care se ridic? fiind de aproximativ 4200 m, iar in?l?imea deasupra m?rii, fiind de 300 m. ^[4] Muntele a fost ini?ial un vulcan , iar unele roci de bazalt sunt expuse in unele locuri, dar cele mai multe roci suprafa?? sunt formate din calcar care s-a acumulat din cre?terea coralilor timp de milioane de ani. ^[5] "Varful acestui munte este format dintr-o succesiune de calcare ter?iare cu varsta cuprins? intre Eocen (sau Oligocen ) pan? la recentele depozite de recif , cu intercala?ii in paturile vechi de roci vulcanice". ^[6] Stanci abrupte de-a lungul celei mai mare par?i din coast? dau na?tere brusc la un platou central. Altitudinea variaz? de la nivelul m?rii la 361 m, la Dealul Murray. Insula este acoperit? in principal de p?durea tropical?, din care 63% este Parcul Na?ional.

Insula Cr?ciunului este atolul cu cea mai mare suprafa?? de uscat. ^[7]

Clima [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Climatul este tropical, cu c?ldur? ?i umiditate moderat? de vanturi.

Demografia [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Incepand cu anul 2006, popula?ia estimat? este 1493. (Biroul Australian de Statistic? raporta o popula?ie de 1508 la Recens?mantul din 2001). Compozi?ia etnic? este de 70% chinezi , 20% europeni ?i 10% malaezieni . Religiile practicate pe Insula Cr?ciunului includ budismul 67%, 11% cre?tinism, 10% islam si altele 2%. Limba englez? este limba oficial?, dar limbile chinez? ?i malaez? sunt de asemenea vorbite.

Vezi ?i [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Bibliografie [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

?Flora: Endemic plants” . Parks and Reserves: Christmas Island National Park . Australia Government - Dept of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Updated 2010-11-11 . Accesat in 16 noiembrie 2010 . Verifica?i datele pentru: |date= ( ajutor )
Acest articol con?ine material apar?inand domeniului public de la site-uri web sau documente ale CIA World Factbook

Alte lecturi [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Jan Adams and Marg Neale, 1993, Christmas Island ? The Early Years ? 1888?1958. Published by Bruce Neale. 96 pages including many b&w photographs. ISBN 0-646-14894-X
Dr Gerald R. Allen and Roger C. Steene, 1998, Fishes of Christmas Island. Published by the Christmas Island Natural History Association. 197 pages including many photographs and plates. ISBN 0-9591210-1-3 . [Note: A second, revised, edition was published 2007 with a third author included, Max Orchard. ISBN 978-0-9591210-8-7 ]
Anonymous, 1984, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean ? a Unique Island. Published by a committee of present and former employees of the phosphate mining company. 60 pages including colour photographs.
D. Bosman (Editor), 1993, Christmas Island Police ? 1958?1983. Published by editor. 112 pages including many photographs.
Cyril Ayris, 1993, Tai Ko Seng ? Gordon Bennett of Christmas Island. Published by the Gordon Bennett Educational Foundation. 263 pages including photographs. ISBN 0-646-15483-4
CIA World Factbook 2002
Charles. W. Andrews, A Description of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Geographical Journal , 13(1) , 17?35 (1899).
Charles W. Andrews, A Monograph of Christmas Island, London,1900.
H.S. Gray, 1981, Christmas Island Naturally. Published by author. 133 pages including many colour photographs. ISBN 0-9594105-0-3
John Hicks, Holger Rumpff and Hugh Yorkston, 1984, Christmas Crabs. Published by the Christmas Island Natural History Association. 76 pages including colour photographs. ISBN 0-9591210-0-5
National Library of Australia, The Indian Ocean: a select bibliography. 1979 ISBN 0-642-99150-2
Margaret Neale, 1988, We were the Christmas Islanders. Published by Bruce Neale. 207 pages including many b&w photographs. ISBN 0-7316-4158-2 /0-7316-4157-4.
W. J. L. Wharton, Account of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography , 10 (10) , 613?624 (1888).
Les Waters, 1983, The Union of Christmas Island Workers. Published by Allen & Unwin (1992 edition), St Leonards, NSW. 170 pages including b&w photographs.

Referin?e [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

^ ?Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts ? Christmas Island History” . Australian Government. 8 iulie 2008 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .
^ ?Digital Collections ? Maps ? Goos, Pieter, ca. 1616?1675. Paskaerte Zynde t'Oosterdeel Van Oost Indien (cartographic material) : met alle de Eylanden deer ontrendt geleegen van C. Comorin tot aen Iapan” . National Library of Australia. Arhivat din original la 5 august 2012 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .
^ ?Submission on Development Potential No. 37” (PDF) . Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce. 16 august 2007 . Arhivat din original (PDF) la 20 mai 2009 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .
^ ?Christmas island” . World Factbook . CIA. 23 aprilie 2009 . Arhivat din original la 25 decembrie 2018 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .
^ ?Physical Characteristics” . Christmas Island National Park, Parks Australia . Accesat in 13 mai 2007 .
^ [1] II.?A MONOGRAPH OF CHRISTMAS ISLAND (INDIAN OCEAN:PHYSICAL FEATURES AND GEOLOGY. By C. W. ANDREWS. With descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by numerous contributors. 8vo ; pp. xiii, 337, 22 plates, 1 map, text illustrated.(London : printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1900.)
^ Negu?, Silviu ?i Nicolae, Ion: Superlative geografice , Editura Ion Creang?, Bucure?ti 1978, pag. 111.

Leg?turi externe [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Commons

Wikimedia Commons con?ine materiale multimedia legate de Insula Cr?ciunului

La Wikivoyage g?si?i un ghid turistic despre Insula Cr?ciunului

Atlasul Wikimedia pentru Christmas Island
Christmas Island Shire ? official government website
Christmas Island Tourism Association ? official tourism website
H?r?i ale Insula Christmas
Christmas Island National Park ? official website Christmas Island National Park
Christmas Island Act 1958 Arhivat in 18 decembrie 2008 , la Wayback Machine .
Christmas Island pe Curlie
Christmas Island la The World Factbook
Christmas Island Travel Guide from Unearth Travel a creative commons travel wiki
"Australia Puts Its Refugee Problem on a Remote Island, Behind Razor Wire" ? New York Times, 5 November 2009

-10.479709666667 105.64453133333 7 Coordonate: 10° 28′ 47″ S , 105° 38′ 40.3″ E

[1] ?Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts ? Christmas Island History” . Australian Government. 8 iulie 2008 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .

[2] ?Digital Collections ? Maps ? Goos, Pieter, ca. 1616?1675. Paskaerte Zynde t'Oosterdeel Van Oost Indien (cartographic material) : met alle de Eylanden deer ontrendt geleegen van C. Comorin tot aen Iapan” . National Library of Australia. Arhivat din original la 5 august 2012 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .

[3] ?Submission on Development Potential No. 37” (PDF) . Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce. 16 august 2007 . Arhivat din original (PDF) la 20 mai 2009 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .

[4] ?Christmas island” . World Factbook . CIA. 23 aprilie 2009 . Arhivat din original la 25 decembrie 2018 . Accesat in 26 aprilie 2009 .

[5] ?Physical Characteristics” . Christmas Island National Park, Parks Australia . Accesat in 13 mai 2007 .

[6] [1] II.?A MONOGRAPH OF CHRISTMAS ISLAND (INDIAN OCEAN:PHYSICAL FEATURES AND GEOLOGY. By C. W. ANDREWS. With descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by numerous contributors. 8vo ; pp. xiii, 337, 22 plates, 1 map, text illustrated.(London : printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1900.)

[7] Negu?, Silviu ?i Nicolae, Ion: Superlative geografice , Editura Ion Creang?, Bucure?ti 1978, pag. 111.

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