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?????????????? ????????? ( Encyclopædia Britannica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{[??] [??] [??]}

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1. ↑ McQuigg, Ronagh J.A. (2011), "Potential problems for the effectiveness of international human rights law as regards domestic violence", in McQuigg, Ronagh J.A. (??????), International human rights law and domestic violence: the effectiveness of international human rights law , Oxford New York: Taylor & Francis , ? ???? ???? 13, ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9781136742088 , ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????, This is an issue that affects vast numbers of women throughout all nations of the world. ... Although there are cases in which men are the victims of domestic violence, nevertheless 'the available research suggests that domestic violence is overwhelmingly directed by men against women ... In addition, violence used by men against female partners tends to be much more severe than that used by women against men. Mullender and Morley state that 'Domestic violence against women is the most common form of family violence worldwide.' ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
2. ↑ Garcia-Moreno, Claudia; Stockl, Heidi (2013), "Protection of sexual and reproductive health rights: addressing violence against women", in Grodin, Michael A.; Tarantola, Daniel; Annas, George J.; et al. (????????), Health and human rights in a changing world , Routledge , ? ???? ???? 780?781, ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9781136688638 , ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????, Intimate male partners are most often the main perpetrators of violence against women, a form of violence known as intimate partner violence, 'domestic' violence or 'spousal (or wife) abuse.' Intimate partner violence and sexual violence, whether by partners, acquaintances or strangers, are common worldwide and disproportionately affect women, although are not exclusive to them. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
3. ↑ Swan, Suzanne C.; Gambone, Laura J.; Caldwell, Jennifer E.; Sullivan, Tami P.; Snow, David L. (2008). "A Review of Research on Women's Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners" . Violence and Victims . 23 (3): 301?314. doi : 10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301 . PMC   2968709 . PMID   18624096 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
4. ↑ Esquivel-Santovena, Esteban Eugenio; Lambert, Teri L.; Hamel, John (January 2013). "Partner abuse worldwide" (PDF) . Partner Abuse . 4 (1): 6?75. doi : 10.1891/1946-6560.4.1.6 . S2CID   143682579 . ?????? (PDF) ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
5. ↑ Strong, Bryan; DeVault, Christine; Cohen, Theodore (February 16, 2010). The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationships in a Changing Society . Cengage Learning. ? ???? ???? 447. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1133597469 . ?????? ? ???? ??? January 10, 2017. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
6. ↑ Concannon, Diana (July 11, 2013). Kidnapping: An Investigator's Guide . Newnes. ? ???? ???? 30. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0123740311 . ?????? ? ???? ??? January 10, 2017. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
7. ↑ Riviello, Ralph (July 1, 2009). Manual of Forensic Emergency Medicine . Jones & Bartlett Learning. ? ???? ???? 129. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0763744625 . ?????? ? ???? ??? January 10, 2017. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
8. ↑ Finley, Laura (July 16, 2013). Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence and Abuse . ABC-CLIO. ? ???? ???? 163. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1610690010 . ?????? ? ???? ??? January 10, 2017. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
9. ↑ Hess, Karen; Orthmann, Christine; Cho, Henry (January 1, 2016). Criminal Investigation . Cengage Learning. ? ???? ???? 323. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1435469938 . ?????? ? ???? ??? January 10, 2017. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
10. ↑ Lupri, Eugene; Grandin, Elaine (2004), "Consequences of male abuse ? direct and indirect", in Lupri, Eugene; Grandin, Elaine (????????), Intimate partner abuse against men (PDF) , Ottawa: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, ? ???? ???? 6, ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780662379751 , ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? January 4, 2009 ????? , ? ??????????? June 21, 2014 ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
11. ↑ Halket, Megan Mcpherson; Gormley, Katelyn; Mello, Nicole; Rosenthal, Lori; Mirkin, Marsha Pravder (2013). "Stay with or Leave the Abuser? The Effects of Domestic Violence Victim's Decision on Attributions Made by Young Adults". Journal of Family Violence . 29 : 35?49. doi : 10.1007/s10896-013-9555-4 . S2CID   8299696 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
12. ↑ WHO (7 March 2013). "Child marriages: 39,000 every day" . who.int . World Health Organization . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) Joint news release Every Woman Every Child/Girls Not Brides/PMNCH/United Nations Foundation/UNFPA/UNICEF/UN Women/WHO/World Vision/World YWCA/
13. ↑ Dutton, Donald; Painter, S.L. (1981-01-01). "Traumatic bonding: The development of emotional attachments in battered women and other relationships of intermittent abuse" . Victimology . 6 : 139?155. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
14. ↑ Schechter, Daniel S.; Zygmunt, Annette; Coates, Susan W.; Davies, Mark; Trabka, Kimberly A.; McCaw, Jamie; Kolodji, Ann; Robinson, Joann L. (2007). "Caregiver traumatization adversely impacts young children's mental representations on the MacArthur Story Stem Battery" . Attachment & Human Development . 9 (3): 187?205. doi : 10.1080/14616730701453762 . PMC   2078523 . PMID   18007959 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
15. ↑ National Women's Aid Federation Archived 2012-01-13 at the Wayback Machine ..
16. ↑ House of Commons Sitting (1973) Archived 2012-10-24 at the Wayback Machine . Battered Women.
17. ↑ (?? September 10, 2014 ?????) . Domestic violence in the Times: From civil unrest to spouse abuse .
18. ↑ "The federalist papers: no. 43 The same subject continued (The powers conferred by the constitution further considered)" . Yale Law School, Avalon Project, Documents in History, Law and Diplomacy . ?????? ? ???? ??? March 26, 2016 . ? ??????????? March 26, 2016 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
19. ↑ "Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210)" . conventions.coe.int . Council of Europe . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
20. ↑ ?????:Cite act
21. ↑ Ramos Jr., George H. "San Diego Domestic Violence Attorney" . ramoscriminallawyer.com . George H. Ramos Jr. ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
22. ↑ "Domestic Abuse & Violence Support in UK" . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
23. ↑ Wallace, Harvey (2005), "Characteristics of family violence", in Wallace, Harvey (??????), Family violence: legal, medical, and social perspectives , Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson, ? ???? ???? 2, ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780205418220 ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
24. ↑ Krug, Etienne G.; Dahlberg, Linda L.; Mercy, James A.; Zwi, Anthony B.; Lozano, Rafael (2002). World report on violence and health . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9789240681804 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
25. ↑ WHO . Understanding and addressing intimate partner violence (PDF) . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. WHO/RHR/12.36. ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
26. ↑ Renzetti, Claire M.; Miley, Charles Harvey, ???????? (1996). Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships . New York: Harrington Park Press. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9781560230748 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
27. ↑ Johnson, Michael P. ; Ferraro, Kathleen J. (November 2000). "Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions". Journal of Marriage and Family . 62 (4): 948?963. doi : 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x . JSTOR   1566718 . S2CID   12584806 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
28. ↑ WHO (2015). "Child maltreatment" (PDF) . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
29. ↑ WHO (2015). "Elder abuse" . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? . ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
30. ↑ General Assembly (20 December 1993). 85th plenary session: declaration on the elimination of violence against women . United Nations General Assembly . A/RES/48/104. ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
31. ↑ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica " Domestic violence ". Encyclopedia Britannica Online .  “In the early 1800s most legal systems implicitly accepted wife-beating as a husband's right, part of his entitlement to control over the resources and services of his wife.”  
32. ↑ Felter, Elizabeth (1997), "A history of the state's response to domestic violence", in Daniels, Cynthia R. (??????), Feminists negotiate the state: the politics of domestic violence , Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America , ? ???? ???? 5?10, ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780761808848 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
33. ↑ Bloch, Ruth H. (2007). "The American Revolution, Wife Beating, and the Emergent Value of Privacy". Early American Studies . University of Pennsylvania Press. 5 (2): 223?251. doi : 10.1353/eam.2007.0008 . JSTOR   23546609 . S2CID   144371791 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
34. ↑ Ward, Nathaniel. "The Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641)" . history.hanover.edu . Hanover Historical Texts Project, History Department, Hanover College . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )