??? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? (? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??). ??? ??? (???) ? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ^[?]

?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? (???/?????) ??? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ≪?????????????≫ (???????? ???) ?????? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? (????????/??????????) ?? ???? ???. ? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ≪??????????≫ ?? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????. ? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???.

?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? (???) ???.

??????? [ ???? ]

? ??????? ??? ≪ aurora≫ ??? ? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? Aurora? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? Eos  ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??? (? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ????). ^{[?] [?]}

≪????????≫ ?? ≪????????≫ ??? ? ????? ??? (??????) ?? ????? ??? (????) ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??.

?????? [ ???? ]

???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ≪??????? ???≫ (? ??? ??? ????) ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? (??? ?????) ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ? ≪???? ?????? ??? ???≫ ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????. ≪????? ????≫ (????) ?? ?????? ≪???? ????≫ (????) ?? ≪???? ???? ????≫ (????) ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????????. ^{[?] [?] [?] [?] [?]}

?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ≪??????≫ ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??. ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??. ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ^{[?] [??] [??]}

? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? (???? ?? ????) ??????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????. ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? (???? ??????) ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ???????? ??? ???? ?-? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ^[??]

???? ?? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ????? ??. ^[??]

??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? (???????)? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? B ??? ???? ????. ?? ????? ? ??? ? ≪????? ?????≫ ?? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ≪??????≫ ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ≪???? ???≫ ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ≪? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???≫. ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ≪??? ???≫ ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???. ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? (?????? ??? ???) ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ^{[??] [??] [??]}

???????? [ ???? ]

? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ?????????? ??????? ? SCR-270 ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???. ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ≪????? ??????≫ ?? ? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? (?? ????) ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? (?? ????) ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? (??? ????) ??? ???? ???? ??????. ^[??]

??? [ ???? ]

? ????? (????) ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??: ^[??]

• ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ??. ^[??]
• ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
• ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????.
• ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ^[??]

?????? [ ???? ]

1. ↑ Lui, A., 2019. Imaging global auroras in space. Light: Science & Applications, 8(1).
2. ↑ ?????:Cite dictionary
3. ↑ "The Odyssey ca. 500 B.C. by Homer (translated by Samuel Butler 1900); online at Internet Classics Archive (Retrieved 15 February 2021)" . 1993. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
4. ↑ Feldstein, Y. I. (2011). "A Quarter Century with the Auroral Oval". EOS . 67 (40): 761. Bibcode : 1986EOSTr..67..761F . doi : 10.1029/EO067i040p00761-02 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
5. ↑ Bruzek, A.; Durrant, C. J. (2012). Illustrated Glossary for Solar and Solar-Terrestrial Physics . Springer Science & Business Media. ????? 190. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-94-010-1245-4 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
6. ↑ See:
   • Loomis, Elias (November 1859). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September, 1859" . The American Journal of Science . 28 : 385?408. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (January 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859?2nd article" . The American Journal of Science . 29 : 92?97. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (February 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859?3rd article" . The American Journal of Science . 29 : 249?266. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (May 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859?4th article" . The American Journal of Science . 29 : 386?399. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (July 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859, and the geographical distribution of auroras and thunder storms?5th article" . The American Journal of Science . 30 : 79?100. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (November 1860). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859?6th article" . The American Journal of Science . 30 : 339?361. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (July 1861). "The great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859?7th article" . The American Journal of Science . 32 : 71?84. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (September 1861). "On the great auroral exhibition of August 28 to September 4, 1859, and auroras generally?8th article" . The American Journal of Science . 32 : 318?335. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
   • Loomis, Elias (July 1862). "On electrical currents circulating near the earth's surface and their connection with the phenomena of the aurora polaris?9th article" . The American Journal of Science . 34 : 34?45. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
9. ↑ Siscoe, G. L. (1986). "An historical footnote on the origin of 'aurora borealis ' ". History of Geophysics: Volume 2 . History of Geophysics: Volume 2. Series: History of Geophysics . 2 . ????? 11?14. Bibcode : 1986HGeo....2...11S . doi : 10.1029/HG002p0011 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0-87590-276-0 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
10. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value). On p. 39, Galileo explains that auroras are due to sunlight reflecting from thin, high clouds. From p. 39: " … molti di voi avranno piu d'una volta veduto 'l Cielo nell' ore notturne, nelle parti verso Settentrione, illuminato in modo, che di lucidita non-cede alla piu candida Aurora, ne lontana allo spuntar del Sole; effetto, che per mio credere, non-ha origine altrode, che dall' essersi parte dell' aria vaporosa, che circonda la terra, per qualche cagione in modo piu del consueto assottigliata, che sublimandosi assai piu del suo consueto, abbia sormontato il cono dell' ombra terrestre, si che essendo la sua parte superiore ferita dal Sole abbia potuto rifletterci il suo splendore, e formarci questa boreale aurora." ( … many of you will have seen, more than once, the sky in the night hours, in parts towards the north, illuminated in a way that the clear [sky] does not yield to the brighter aurora, far from the rising of the sun; an effect that, by my thinking, has no other origin than being part of the vaporous air that surrounds the Earth, for some reason thinner than usual, which, being sublimated far more than usual, has risen above the cone of the Earth's shadow, so that its upper part, being struck by the sun['s light], has been able to reflect its splendor and to form this aurora borealis.)
11. ↑ Østgaard, N.; Mende, S. B.; Frey, H. U.; Sigwarth, J. B.; Asnes, A.; Weygand, J. M. (2007). "Auroral conjugacy studies based on global imaging". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics . 69 (3): 249. Bibcode : 2007JASTP..69..249O . doi : 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.026 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
12. ↑ Feldstein, Y. I. (2011). "A Quarter Century with the Auroral Oval". EOS . 67 (40): 761. Bibcode : 1986EOSTr..67..761F . doi : 10.1029/EO067i040p00761-02 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
13. ↑ Frey, H. U. (2007). "Localized aurora beyond the auroral oval". Rev. Geophys . 45 (1): RG1003. Bibcode : 2007RvGeo..45.1003F . doi : 10.1029/2005RG000174 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
14. ↑ Stamper, J.; Lockwood, M.; Wild, M. N. (December 1999). "Solar causes of the long-term increase in geomagnetic activity" (PDF) . J. Geophys. Res . 104 (A12): 28, 325?28, 342. Bibcode : 1999JGR...10428325S . doi : 10.1029/1999JA900311 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
15. ↑ Papitashvili, V. O.; Papitashva, N. E.; King, J. H. (September 2000). "Solar cycle effects in planetary geomagnetic activity: Analysis of 36-year long OMNI dataset" (PDF) . Geophys. Res. Lett . 27 (17): 2797?2800. Bibcode : 2000GeoRL..27.2797P . doi : 10.1029/2000GL000064 . hdl : 2027.42/94796 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
16. ↑ Østgaard, N. (2003). "Observations of non-conjugate theta aurora". Geophysical Research Letters . 30 (21): 2125. Bibcode : 2003GeoRL..30.2125O . doi : 10.1029/2003GL017914 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
17. ↑ Størmer, Carl (1946). "Frequency of 12,330 measured heights of aurora from southern Norway in the years 1911?1944". Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity . 51 (4): 501?504. Bibcode : 1946TeMAE..51..501S . doi : 10.1029/te051i004p00501 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
18. ↑ Clark, Stuart (2007). "Astronomical fire: Richard Carrington and the solar flare of 1859". Endeavour . 31 (3): 104?109. doi : 10.1016/j.endeavour.2007.07.004 . PMID   17764743 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
19. ↑ Zhu, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Sojka, J. J. (1997). "Polar cap arcs: A review". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics . 59 (10): 1087. Bibcode : 1997JASTP..59.1087Z . doi : 10.1016/S1364-6826(96)00113-7 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
20. ↑ A, Brekke; A, Egeland (1994). The Northern Lights . Grøndahl and Dreyer, Oslo. ????? 137. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-82-504-2105-9 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )