? ????? ?? ??????? ????

???? ???????
????? ???????	???... ???? ; international conflict (en) ; intervention (en) ; undeclared war (en) ; ?????? ??? ; war of aggression (en)
? ???? ????	????? 21 ( ????? 21)
???	Sea of Azov (en) ? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????
?????	???... ??????? ; ????? ; ??????? ; ?????:? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ; ?????:? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???? ???????
???? ????	? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ; ? ????? ????? ;
????	???... 2014 Russian invasion of Crimea (en) ; ?? ?????? ?? ???? ; Kerch Strait incident (en) ; ?? ??????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ; ?? ??????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ??? ???? ; 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine (en) ; Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts (en) ; warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian War (en)
???? ?	? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ????
? ??? ????	?? ?????? ????
???????	???... International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine (en) ; Georgian Legion (en) ; ???? ???? ??? ??????? ; Armed Forces of Ukraine (en) ; DPR People's Militia (en) ; LPR People's Militia (en) ; ? ??????? ? ???? ???????
????	Revolution of Dignity (en) ; Russian colonialism (en) ; eastward expansion of NATO (en) ; ? ????? ????? ??????

? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? (?? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???) ??? ?? ????? ???? ??. ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ? ?????/ ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ???? (????? ?????) ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? (???? - ?? ??????) ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??. ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ???? ? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ???. ^[?]

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? ???? ?? ? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???. ???? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???. ? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??: ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???. ? ???? ? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???. ? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ? ????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???. ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ^[?]

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?? ???? ? ??? ?? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??. ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? TCDD)) ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???. ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??. ? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ? ?????? ??????? ?? ????: ? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ≪? ?????? ?? ?????????≫ ?? ??? ??????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]

?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??. ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??. ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ????? ???? (MAP) ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ≪?? ???????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???≫. ????? ? ???? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

?????? [ ???? ]

↑ " Biden Accurately Pegs Putin as a Killer " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ " World News: Conflict Brewing in Eastern Europe " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ " Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ Stated in: ??????? ????? ????? . ????? ?????? ???????: 106969780X . Retrieved: ? ?????? ????. Quotation: Beispiel fur: Angriffskrieg . ??? ???: ????? ???. ??????: ???? ??? ???????.
↑ Snyder, Timothy (2018). The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America . New York: Tim Duggan Books. ????? 197. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-525-57447-7 . Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) ; Mulford, Joshua P. (2016). "Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War". Connections . 15 (2): 89?107. doi : 10.11610/Connections.15.2.07 . ISSN 1812-1098 . JSTOR 26326442 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) ; Shevko, Demian; Khrul, Kristina (2017). "Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else" . In Gutsul, Nazarii; Khrul, Kristina (????????). Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe . Zurich: LIT Verlag Munster. ????? 100. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-3-643-90825-4 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ Overland, Indra; Fjaertoft, Daniel (2015). "Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited" . Oil and Gas Journal . 113 (8): 66?72. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ Budjeryn, Mariana. "Issue Brief #3: The Breach: Ukraine's Territorial Integrity and the Budapest Memorandum" (PDF) . Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 15 December 2009 ?????) . On assurances without guarantees in a 'shelved document' .
↑ Harahan, Joseph P. (2014). "With Courage and Persistence: Eliminating and Securing Weapons of Mass Destruction with the Nunn-Luger Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs" (PDF) . DTRA History Series . Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ASIN B01LYEJ56H . ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ "Istanbul Document 1999" . Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 19 November 1999. ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 15 February 2022 ?????) . NATO's Eastward Expansion: Is Vladimir Putin Right? . Der Spiegel .
↑ Hall, Gavin E. L. (14 February 2022). "Ukraine: the history behind Russia's claim that Nato promised not to expand to the east" . The Conversation . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 11 February 2009 ?????) . Yushchenko: 'Live And Carry On' . CBS News . CBS
↑ "Study: Dioxin that poisoned Yushchenko made in lab" . Kyiv Post . London: Businessgroup. Associated Press . 5 August 2009. ISSN 1563-6429 . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 28 October 2009 ?????) . Yushchenko to Russia: Hand over witnesses . Businessgroup
↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
↑ "Ukraine-Independent Ukraine" . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15 January 2008. ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ Cordesman, Anthony H. (28 May 2014). "Russia and the 'Color Revolution ' " . Center for Strategic and International Studies . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 15 December 2011 ?????) . Putin calls 'color revolutions' an instrument of destabilization ? Dec. 15, 2011 . Kyiv Post .
↑ (?? 4 February 2012 ?????) . Антиоранжевый митинг проходит на Поклонной горе .
↑ (?? 3 April 2008 ?????) . [{{{url}}} EU allies unite against Bush over Nato membership for Georgia and Ukraine]. The Independent .
↑ (?? 5 April 2008 ?????) . [{{{url}}} President tells summit he wants security and friendship]. The Times .
↑ (?? 13 January 2022 ?????) . NATO Won't Let Ukraine Join Soon. Here's Why. . The New York Times .

[c0bae7c1281bdff782f0e42171a2cb5217c80bff-1] " Biden Accurately Pegs Putin as a Killer " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[db7d0fefbf7545f8b8e178bbdf8487e296c7214c-2] " World News: Conflict Brewing in Eastern Europe " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[f97d9e92e597ad06cfaa14d3bbd0af502ef13cde-3] " Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War " . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[b73cbcb0105308faf6a23329824e16a4ccaaf388-4] Stated in: ??????? ????? ????? . ????? ?????? ???????: 106969780X . Retrieved: ? ?????? ????. Quotation: Beispiel fur: Angriffskrieg . ??? ???: ????? ???. ??????: ???? ??? ???????.

[5] Snyder, Timothy (2018). The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America . New York: Tim Duggan Books. ????? 197. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-525-57447-7 . Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) ; Mulford, Joshua P. (2016). "Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War". Connections . 15 (2): 89?107. doi : 10.11610/Connections.15.2.07 . ISSN 1812-1098 . JSTOR 26326442 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) ; Shevko, Demian; Khrul, Kristina (2017). "Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else" . In Gutsul, Nazarii; Khrul, Kristina (????????). Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe . Zurich: LIT Verlag Munster. ????? 100. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-3-643-90825-4 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[6] Overland, Indra; Fjaertoft, Daniel (2015). "Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited" . Oil and Gas Journal . 113 (8): 66?72. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[7] Budjeryn, Mariana. "Issue Brief #3: The Breach: Ukraine's Territorial Integrity and the Budapest Memorandum" (PDF) . Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[8] (?? 15 December 2009 ?????) . On assurances without guarantees in a 'shelved document' .

[9] Harahan, Joseph P. (2014). "With Courage and Persistence: Eliminating and Securing Weapons of Mass Destruction with the Nunn-Luger Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs" (PDF) . DTRA History Series . Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ASIN B01LYEJ56H . ? ???? (PDF) ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[10] "Istanbul Document 1999" . Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 19 November 1999. ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[Wiegrefe_2022-11] (?? 15 February 2022 ?????) . NATO's Eastward Expansion: Is Vladimir Putin Right? . Der Spiegel .

[12] Hall, Gavin E. L. (14 February 2022). "Ukraine: the history behind Russia's claim that Nato promised not to expand to the east" . The Conversation . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[13] (?? 11 February 2009 ?????) . Yushchenko: 'Live And Carry On' . CBS News . CBS

[14] "Study: Dioxin that poisoned Yushchenko made in lab" . Kyiv Post . London: Businessgroup. Associated Press . 5 August 2009. ISSN 1563-6429 . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[15] (?? 28 October 2009 ?????) . Yushchenko to Russia: Hand over witnesses . Businessgroup

[16] Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).

[17] "Ukraine-Independent Ukraine" . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15 January 2008. ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[18] Cordesman, Anthony H. (28 May 2014). "Russia and the 'Color Revolution ' " . Center for Strategic and International Studies . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )

[19] (?? 15 December 2011 ?????) . Putin calls 'color revolutions' an instrument of destabilization ? Dec. 15, 2011 . Kyiv Post .

[20] (?? 4 February 2012 ?????) . Антиоранжевый митинг проходит на Поклонной горе .

[21] (?? 3 April 2008 ?????) . [{{{url}}} EU allies unite against Bush over Nato membership for Georgia and Ukraine]. The Independent .

[22] (?? 5 April 2008 ?????) . [{{{url}}} President tells summit he wants security and friendship]. The Times .

[23] (?? 13 January 2022 ?????) . NATO Won't Let Ukraine Join Soon. Here's Why. . The New York Times .

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