? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???
????? ?????? ????
(??
??????
: [??aːi?s ?juːli?s ?kae?sar]? ????? ? ????.? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???.? ??? ? ???? ????) ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?. ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? (First Triumvirate) ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???.? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???.? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ???????? ?. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??.
?? ???.? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? (First Triumvirate) ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?. ? ?????????? (? ???? ? ???????) ?? ???? ? ??? ? ???? ???????? ??? ? ?????????? (?? ???? ???? ????) ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? (Cato the Younger) ?? ? ?????? (Cicero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
[?]
???? ? ????? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ? ???? ???????? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? "? ??? ??? ? ????????" (
dictator perpetuo
) ?? ???? ????? ??. ? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???. ? ???.? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? (? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? Ides of March) ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ? ??????? ???? ??? ???.
[?]
[??]
???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??. ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??. ? ???? ?? ??? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???? ("Caesar") ????? ? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (Kaiser) ?? ???? (Tsar) ? ?????? ???? ???? ??. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ? ??????? (Caesarism) ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??.
[??]
? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??
[
????
]
????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? (Julus) ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? (Venus) ??? ??. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?. ? ?????? ?? ??????? (Bovillae) ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ??? ??
lege Albana
?? ??? ? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???????. ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? "????"
???
? ????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ( ?? ?????? ??? "??? ????" ???? -
caedere
,
caes)
?????? ????.
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
?
?????? ?????
???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???: ?? ?? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? (
"caesaries"
) ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? (
"oculis caesiis"
) ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? (?? ?????? ???
"caesai"
). ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????.
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?. ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?? ?????? (Asia) ? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. ? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??. ? ???? ? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??.
[??]
[??]
[??]
[??]
?? ?? ?.? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ??? ??. ? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ? ???
????? ??????
(? ????? ??? ????) ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???.
[??]
[??]
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
[??]
??????
[
????
]
- ↑
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/caesar_julius.shtml
- ↑
??????? : 118518275 ? ? ??? ????: ?? ?????? ???? ? ???????: Creative Commons CC0 License
- ↑
https://books.google.com/books?id=PuwDLlf6OXAC&pg=PA17&dq=%2215+March%22+44+BCE+Julius+Caesar&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q=15%20March&f=false
? ?????: Michael Parenti ? ????: 167 ? ???????: The New Press ?
ISBN 978-1-4587-8435-3
- ↑
https://books.google.com/books?id=oR-ljeBaWIcC&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false
? ?????: Adrian Goldsworthy ? ????: 505
- ↑
?????: Suetonius
- ↑
http://www.strachan.dk/family/iulius_patrician.htm
- ↑
CONOR.SI ID:
https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/13219683
- ↑
Keppie, Lawrence (1998). "The approach of civil war".
The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire
. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ????? 102.
? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
978-0-8061-3014-9
.
- ↑
Suetonius (121).
"De vita Caesarum"
[The Twelve Caesars].
University of Chicago
. ????? 107. ?
????
????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????.
More than sixty joined the conspiracy against [Caesar], led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus and Decimus Brutus.
- ↑
Plutarch.
"Life of Caesar"
.
University of Chicago
. ????? 595. ?
????
????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
. ??????????? ?? ?????? ????
.
... at this juncture Decimus Brutus, surnamed Albinus, who was so trusted by Caesar that he was entered in his will as his second heir, but was partner in the conspiracy of the other Brutus and Cassius, fearing that if Caesar should elude that day, their undertaking would become known, ridiculed the seers and chided Caesar for laying himself open to malicious charges on the part of the senators ...
- ↑
Tucker, Spencer (2010).
Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict
. ABC-CLIO. ?????
68
.
? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
9781598844306
.
- ↑
Froude, James Anthony
(1879).
Life of Caesar
. Project Gutenberg e-text. ????? 67. ?
????
????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????.
See also: Suetonius,
Lives of the Twelve Caesars
:
Julius
6
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
;
Velleius Paterculus
,
Roman History
2.41
;
Virgil
,
Aeneid
- ↑
Livy
,
Ab urbe condita
,
1:28?30
- ↑
Dionysius, iii. 29.
- ↑
Tacitus,
Annales
, xi. 24.
- ↑
Niebuhr, vol. i. note 1240, vol. ii. note 421.
- ↑
Pliny the Elder
,
Natural History
7.7
. The misconception that Julius Caesar himself was born by Caesarian section dates back at least to the 10th century (
Suda
kappa 1199
). Julius was not the first to bear the name, and in his time the procedure was only performed on dead women, while Caesar's mother
Aurelia
lived long after he was born.
- ↑
Historia Augusta
:
Aelius
2
.
- ↑
Goldsworthy,
p. 32
.
- ↑
Suetonius,
Julius
1
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
;
Plutarch
,
Caesar
1
,
Marius
6
; Pliny the Elder,
Natural History
7.54
;
Inscriptiones Italiae
, 13.3.51?52
- ↑
Plutarch, Marius
6
- ↑
Plutarch,
Caesar
1
; Suetonius,
Julius
1
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
- ↑
Suetonius,
Julius
1
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
; Pliny the Elder,
Natural History
7.54
- ↑
"Julius Caesar"
. ?
????
????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????.
- ↑
Suetonius,
Julius
1
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
; Plutarch,
Caesar
1
; Velleius Paterculus,
Roman History
2.41
- ↑
Velleius Paterculus,
Roman History
2.22
; Florus,
Epitome of Roman History
2.9
- ↑
Canfora, p. 3
- ↑
William Smith,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
:
Flamen
- ↑
Suetonius,
Julius
2?3
Archived
30 May 2012 at
Archive.is
; Plutarch,
Caesar
2?3
;
Cassius Dio
,
Roman History
43.20