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??	25 ???? 1934 ^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?] ??? ???
????	8 ????? 2017 (83 ???) ^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?] ????? ? ?????
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????	Twelver Shia Islam
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??????	Second-in-Command of Iran's Joint Chiefs of Staff
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???? ????? ???????? 1989 ??? 1997 ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? 1987 ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 1987 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? 1980 ??? 1988 ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? 1980 ??? 1988 ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???

???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????

????? ???????? 1988 ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???

1990 ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???

????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? 2005? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????

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↑ ^?.? ^?.? Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hashemi-Rafsanjani ? subject named as: Hashemi Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ???? ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ ^?.? ^?.? Find a Grave memorial ID: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/175079268 ? subject named as: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ????
↑ ^?.? ^?.? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/rafsandjani-ali-akbar-hashemi ? subject named as: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsandjani
↑ ^?.? ^?.? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000017927 ? subject named as: Ali Akbar Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ????
↑ Iran's ex-President Rafsanjani dies at 82
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Sciolino, Elaine (19 ????? 1992). " Rafsanjani Sketches Vision of a Moderate? Modern Iran ". The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20090621053311/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/19/world/rafsanjani-sketches-vision-of-a-moderate-modern-iran.html?pagewanted=1 . Retrieved on
9 ??? 2009.

[0a408a92e8cf73d79233cd676b7e32ad553f8e66-1] ?.? ^?.? Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hashemi-Rafsanjani ? subject named as: Hashemi Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ???? ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica

[2787b9a9d9b9efb52770a037be31b43f2685f9f5-2] ?.? ^?.? Find a Grave memorial ID: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/175079268 ? subject named as: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ????

[7cc00b27c82e19f1e07508cce8627351fc2aa822-3] ?.? ^?.? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/rafsandjani-ali-akbar-hashemi ? subject named as: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsandjani

[b38a67d27a127dcaf61110111e30ccadbf32e8e0-4] ?.? ^?.? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000017927 ? subject named as: Ali Akbar Rafsanjani ? ??? ??? ??????: ? ?????? ????

[f82578eed8f3699ccb9d4241ba39070dc2c571f2-5] Iran's ex-President Rafsanjani dies at 82

[6] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[nyt-7] Sciolino, Elaine (19 ????? 1992). " Rafsanjani Sketches Vision of a Moderate? Modern Iran ". The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20090621053311/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/19/world/rafsanjani-sketches-vision-of-a-moderate-modern-iran.html?pagewanted=1 . Retrieved on
9 ??? 2009.

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