?????
??
????
?????

?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????

?????? / ?????? ?????? ??? / ?????? ????? ??????

???? ?????? ????? ??? / ?????? ????? ????

??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????

???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????

???? ?????? ????? (?????? ???)

?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???

? ? ?

??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

• ????????????
• ????
• ???
• ?????
• ?????
• ????
• ????
• ???? (???)
• ???
• ???
• ???
• ?????

???????? ????? ? ??????: ?????

? ? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? Leaders ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? Historiography of early Islam 600?700 AD ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? First Islamic civil war (Fitna) Second Islamic civil war (Fitna) ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? Marinid dynasty Nasrid dynasty ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? Muhallabids ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? Marinid dynasty Wattasid dynasty Saadi dynasty ???? Tulunids Hamdanid dynasty ?????? ????? Uqaylid Dynasty Zengid dynasty ????? ????? Bahri ???? ????? Mamluk dynasty of Iraq ????? ????? Kathiri Mahra Sultanate ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? Alavids ????? ?????? ???? ??????? Ziyarid dynasty ?? ???? ????? ?????? Ghori Seljuk ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? Muzaffarids (Iran) Chobanids ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? Hotaki ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? Muzaffarids (Gujarat) Gujarat Sultanate Sultans on the Comoros ???? ????? ????? Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia Spread of Islam in Indonesia Kedah Sultanate Brunei Sultanate Johor Sultanate ????? ????? ????? ??? Banten Sultanate ????? ??????????? ????? ???? Ternate Sultanate Mataram Sultanate ?????? History of Nishapur ?????? Angoche Sultanate ????? ??? Dar Sila ????? ??? Kingdom of Baguirmi Sennar sultanate ????? ?????? ???? ??????? Islamic Republic of Iran ????? ??????? ????? ????