??????????? ??? ?????? ???

Iran?Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
	?????? ?????????? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ?? ????-?????? ?????? ???
	; Iran Saudi Arabia Major proxy conflict locations
?????	11 ????? 1979 ? ???? ; (45 ???? 4 ??? ??? 4 ??)
????	???? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? (?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????) ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? (?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???????) )
?????
????? ; ??? ; ??? Proxies : ; Hezbollah Al-Hejaz ; OIRAP (1979?1991) ; ????:Fatemiyoun Seal.svg Liwa Fatemiyoun ; Support: ???? ; ??? ; ????? (until 2011) ; ??? ???? ;	????? ??? ; ????? ???? ????? ; ??????? Proxies : ; MEK ; KDPI ; Jaish ul-Adl ; ?????:Country data Khuzestan ?????? ??? ????? ; Support: ?????:Country data Ba'athist Iraq Iraq (until 1989) ; ??? ; ?????:Country data NATO ;
2011 ???? ?????? ????? (2011?14) Bahraini opposition	????? ; ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ; ????? ??? ?????? ; ????
???? ???? ???? (2011?present) ??? ; ????? ; ??? ???? ; ??? ; PMF Support: ??? ; ???? ; Alleged support: ????? ????? ; ??????? ; ??? ; ????? ;	?????:Country data Syrian opposition ???? ???? ??? ; Army of Conquest (2015?17) ; Support: ???? ; ??? ; ????? (2012?14) ;
Yemeni Civil War (2015?present) Supreme Political Council ; ???? ????? ; Ahrar al-Najran Support: ??? ; ????? ; Alleged support: ????? ????? ; ??? ???? ; ???? ; ??? ; ????? ; ??? ; ???????? ;	; Cabinet of Yemen ; ????? ; ????? ??? ?????? ; ????? ; ???? ; ??? ; (until 5 ??? 2017) ; ???? ; ????? ; ??? ; ??????? ; ?????? ; ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? Support: ??????? ; ???? ; ?????? ;
?????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ????? ?? ; ( Supreme Leader of Iran ) ; ??? ?????? ; ( ??? ????? ) ; Esmail Ghaani ; ( Quds Force commander) ; ???????? ????? ; ( ??? ??? ) ; ???? ????? ; ( President of Syria ) ; ??? ??? ???? ; ( Secretary-General of Hezbollah ) ; ????:Badr Organisation Military flag.svg Hadi Al-Amiri ; (Leader of the Badr Organization ) ; ??? ????? ???? ; (Leader of ???? ) ; ????:Asa'ib Ahl Al-Haq flag.png Qais al-Khazali ; (Secretary-General of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq ) ; Akram al-Kaabi ; (Secretary-General of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba ) ; ???? ??????? (Secretary-General of ??? ?????? ????????? ) ; Mohammad Ali Jafari (2007?19) ; (Commander of the ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ) ; Qassim al-Muamen (Leader of Al-Ashtar Brigades ) ; Abu Ala al-Walai (Secretary-General of Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada ) Former leaders ??? ???? ????? # ; (1979?89) ; ????? ????? ???? ; (2005?13) ; ???? ??????? ? ; (1998?20) ; ??? ???? ?????????? ? ; (2014?2020) ; Saleh Ali al-Sammad ? ; (2016?18) ; ????:ISCI flag.svg Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim ; ????:Badr Organisation Military flag.svg ????????? ?????? ; Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Mughassil ; (Leader of Hezbollah Al-Hejaz ) ; ???? ????? ;	????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ; ( ??? ????? ??? ) ; ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ; ( ??? ??? ????? ??? and Minister of Defense ) ; Abdulaziz bin Saud ; ( Minister of Interior ) ; Thamer al-Sabhan ; (Minister of Gulf Affairs) ; Obeid Fadel Al-Shammari ; (Commander of Saudi Arabia Force in Yemen) ; Fahd bin Turki bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ; (Commander of the Joint Forces) ; ????? ???? ; ( ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ) ; ??????? ???? ???? ; ( ???? ???? ??????? ) ; Hassan bin Hamza al-Shehri ; ( ????? ??? ???? ???? ) ; Maryam Rajavi (Leader of the People's Mojahedin of Iran and "President-Elect" of Iran) ; Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi) ; ??? ??? ????? ???? ; ( ??? ??? ) ; ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ; ( ??? ????? ) ; ??? ????? ; ( Prime Minister of Lebanon ) ; Former leaders ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? # ; (2005?2015) ; ???? ?? ???? (2011?17) ; (Former Interior Minister ) ; Bandar bin Sultan ; (2011?2015) ; ???? ?????? ; (2009?2017) ; ???? ????? ?? ; (2001?09) ; ?? ????? ; (1993?01) ; ???? ??? ????? ?? ; (1989?93) ; ?????? ???? ; (1981?89) ; ??? ????? ; (1979?81) ; Mutlaq bin Salem Al Azima (2011?2014) ; ( ????? ??? ???? ???? ) ; ?????:Country data Ba'athist Iraq ???? ???? ; (1980?1988) ;
???? ??????
??? ???? ; Syrian Armed Forces ; Iranian Armed Forces ; Republican Guard ; Russian Armed Forces ; ???? ; Yemen Armed Forces (pro- ??? ??? ???? ???? ) ; Popular Mobilization Forces ; Korean People's Army ;	Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia ; ?????? ???? ????? ; ????? ??? ???? ???? ; Bahrain Defence Force ; ?????:Country data Syrian opposition ???? ???? ??? ; Yemen Armed Forces (pro- Hadi ) ;

????? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ^[??] ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ? ^[??] ????? ? ??? ? ??????? ? ^[??] ????????? ? ^[??] ????????? ? ?? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ^[??]

?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ^[??] ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??" ???? ??? ??? " ???? ????? ????? ^[??]

?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????

?? ???? [ ????? ]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1979 ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? 1979 ?? ????? ??? ? 1981 ?? ??? ?? ?????? 1982 ?? ???? ?? 1983 ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????

?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? "????? ????" ?????? ????? ??? ??? ^[??] ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? 1953 ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?????

?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 1962 ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ^[??] ????? ??? ?? 1969 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???

?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? 1979 ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ^[??]^[??] ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? "?????? ???????" ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????

???? ?? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ]

????? ? ???? ??? [ ????? ]

1980 ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? 20 ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? - ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? 1980 ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ^[??] ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???

??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????

????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? - ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ^[??]

1987 ?? ??? ????? [ ????? ]

?? ???? ?? 1987 ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ????: "?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? " ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????

???? ???? [ ????? ]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ]

?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 2011 ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? (?????? ??????) ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? 2011 ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ^[??] ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? (?? ?? ??) ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? 1981 ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???

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????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? 2015 ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? 2015 ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? (IMAFT) ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? 41 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????

??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? " ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????" ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???

????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? 2015 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ^[??] ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 2015 ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????

????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? 1950 ? ?? 1960 ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ^[??]^[??]

2015 ???? ????? [ ????? ]

?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 2015 ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 2016 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? 10 ???? 15 ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 24 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????

????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2016 ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? [ ????? ]

2 ????? 2016 ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? 47 ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? 40 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????

??? 2015 ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? 2016 ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? 2016 ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? 2016 ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? 2016 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????

???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? later ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? WAVE ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? "?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??" ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? "?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????" ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???

?????? ?? 2016 ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?

2017 [ ????? ]

??? 2017 ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???

2017 ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 2017 ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 17 ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????

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????? 2011 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 2014 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ^[???]

????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? 2018 ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? 6 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? 12 ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????

???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????

??? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? 1970 ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? 1981 ?? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????

??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? 25 ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????

2011 ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?

????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ^[???]

??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? 2015 ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[???] ????? 2016 ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? 2017 ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? "???? ??? ????? ????" ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? "???? ???? ???? ????" ???? ??? ????? ^[???]

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? "???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??"? ^[???]

????? 2016 ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[???]

?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? 4 ????? 2017 ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? "?? ???? ?? ?????" ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????

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????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????

????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1996 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ^[???]

2001 ?? ? ????????? ???? ???? ?? 11 ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ^[???] ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????

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?? 1980 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 10-15? ????? ^[???]

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??? 2015 ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? 2016 ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? "??? ????" ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????

????? 2018 ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????

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????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? [ ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? 1970 ?? 1988 ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????

????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? 1950 ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? 1979 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? 2006 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? 1737 ?? ??????? 1696 ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????

????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??: ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? 1974 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? 2003 ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? "?? ??? ????" ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? "???????? ?????" ??? ??? 2003 ?? ? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????

????? ?? ?? 5 + 1 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? (?? ?? ?? ?? ??) ???? 2015 ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 2018 ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? 2018 ?? ? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? AMAD ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[???]

??? ???? ?? 8 ??? 2018 ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ^[???]

??? ????? [ ????? ]

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????? [ ????? ]

↑ Daoud, David (???? 2015). " Meet the Proxies: How Iran Spreads Its Empire through Terrorist Militias ". The Tower Magazine (24) . http://www.thetower.org/article/meet-the-proxies-how-iran-spreads-its-empire-through-terrorist-militias/ . Retrieved on
18 ???? 2016.
↑ Hashim, Ahmed Salah (29 ????? 2016), "Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and Conflict: Shia Province as Casus Belli?" , RSIS Commentary (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies) (22) , retrieved 18 ???? 2016 Check date values in: |date=, |accessdate= ( help )
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Mashal, Mujib; Faizi, Fatima (11 ????? 2017). " Iran Sent Them to Syria. Now Afghan Fighters Are a Worry at Home. ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/11/world/asia/afghanistan-iran-syria-revolutionary-guards.html .
↑ (2009) The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: a policy conundrum . RAND Corporation . ISBN 978-0-8330-4701-4 .
↑ Mousavian, Seyed Hossein (21 ??????? 2016). " From Iran to Nice, We Must Confront All Terrorism to End Terrorism ". ?? ???? . https://www.huffingtonpost.com/seyed-hossein-mousavian/iran-nice-terrorism_b_11120386.html . Retrieved on
18 ???? 2016.
↑ Karami, Arash (2 ???? 2016). " Were Saudis behind Abbas-MEK meeting? ". Al-Monitor . http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/mek-palestinian-authority-mahmoud-abbas-maryam-rajavi-saudi.html . Retrieved on
18 ???? 2016.
↑ Iddon, Paul (28 ??????? 2016). " Erbil is not another front in the Saudi-Iran regional proxy war ". Rudaw . http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/28072016 . Retrieved on
20 ??? 2017.
↑ Dehghanpisheh, Babak (4 ????? 2016). "To Iranian eyes, Kurdish unrest spells Saudi incitement" . ?????? . https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-politics-kurds-idUSKCN11A0BD . Retrieved on
2 ????? 2017.
↑ Merat, Arron (28 ???? 2014). " Iran calls for return of abducted border guards held in Pakistan ". ??????? ???? ???? . https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10729946/Iran-calls-for-return-of-abducted-border-guards-held-in-Pakistan.html . Retrieved on
20 ?????? 2014.
↑ "Lebanese Hezbollah: Ahvaz crime reaction to Resistance victories" . Islamic Republic News Agency. 23 ????? 2018 . http://www.irna.ir/en/News/83040635 .
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Jansen, Michael (23 ???? 2016). " China enters fray in Syria on Bashar al-Assad's side ". The Irish Times . https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/china-enters-fray-in-syria-on-bashar-al-assad-s-side-1.2764979 . Retrieved on
3 ???? 2018.
↑ Kelley, Michael (6 ???? 2013). " It Looks Like Iraq Has Joined Assad's Side In The Syrian War ". Business Insider . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162320/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/iraq-joins-assads-side-in-syrian-war-2013-3 . Retrieved on
? ?????? ????.
↑
See:
- Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- Ryall, Julian (6 ??? 2013). " Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime' ". The Telegraph . https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10102561/Syria-North-Korean-military-advising-Assad-regime.html . Retrieved on
  2 ???? 2013.
- " North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report ". The Telegraph . 3 ??????? 2012 . https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/9371607/North-Korea-violating-sanctions-according-to-UN-report.html . Retrieved on
  6 ?????? 2012.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/egypt-sends-forces-to-syria-for-assad-regime/1927275
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ?????:Cite magazine
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Porter, Gareth (28 ??? 2015). " Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest' ". Al-Ahram Weekly . http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx .
↑ Maclean, William; Finn, Tom (26 ????? 2016). "Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role" . Reuters . https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-qatar/qatar-will-help-syrian-rebels-even-if-trump-ends-u-s-role-idUSKBN13L0X7 . Retrieved on
14 ????? 2018.
↑ "Yemen accuses Russia of supplying weapons to Houthi rebels" . UNIAN . 5 ????? 2015 . https://www.unian.info/world/1063883-yemen-accuses-russia-of-alleged-arms-supplies-to-houthi-rebels.html . Retrieved on
6 ????? 2015.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ "North Korea Likely Supplied Scud Missiles Fired at Saudi Arabia by Yemen's Houthi Rebels" . Vice News . 29 ??????? 2015 . https://news.vice.com/article/north-korea-likely-supplied-scud-missiles-fired-at-saudi-arabia-by-yemens-houthi-rebels . Retrieved on
14 ??? 2018.
↑ ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? Hezbollah ????
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Al-Haj, Ahmed (26 ???? 2015). "Saudi Arabia launches airstrikes in Yemen, targeting rebel-held military installations" . Associated Press . http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/03/26/saudi-arabia-launches-airstrikes-in-yemen-targeting-rebel-held-military.html . Retrieved on
4 ????? 2018.
↑ " Child soldiers from Darfur fighting at front line of war in Yemen, returned soldiers say ". The Independent . 29 ????? 2018 . https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/child-soldiers-yemen-war-sudan-saudi-arabia-darfur-poor-front-line-deaths-janjaweed-a8703186.html .
↑ "Senegal to send 2,100 troops to join Saudi-led alliance" . Reuters. 4 ??? 2015 . https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/04/us-yemen-saudi-senegal-idUSKBN0NP1N920150504 . Retrieved on
4 ??? 2015.
↑ " US special forces secretly deployed to assist Saudi Arabia in Yemen conflict ". The Independent . 3 ??? 2018 . https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/us-special-forces-saudi-arabia-yemen-war-green-berets-houthi-rebels-mohammed-bin-salman-a8335481.html .
↑ " In Yemen's "60 minutes" moment, no mention that the U.S. is fueling the conflict "? The Intercept ? 20 ????? 2017.
↑ " Report: Saudi-UAE coalition 'cut deals' with al-Qaeda in Yemen ". Al-Jazeera . 6 ???? 2018 . https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/08/report-saudi-uae-coalition-cut-deals-al-qaeda-yemen-180806074659521.html .
↑ "US allies, Al Qaeda battle rebels in Yemen" . Fox News. 7 ???? 2018 . http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/08/07/unite-with-devil-yemen-war-binds-us-allies-al-qaida.html .
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↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
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↑ ?????:Cite press release
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↑ See:
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↑ See:
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[18] ttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/egypt-sends-forces-to-syria-for-assad-regime/1927275

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[Wilgenburg-20] ??.? ^??.? ?????:Cite magazine

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[57] "Al-Maliki Accuses Saudi Arabia of Supporting Terrorism" . 22 ????? 2014 . https://english.alahednews.com.lb/25957/547 .

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[60] "Saudi Arabia, Zionist regime behind resignation of Lebanese PM" . Mehr News Agency . 5 ????? 2017 . https://en.mehrnews.com/news/129227/S-Arabia-Zionist-regime-behind-resignation-of-Lebanese-PM .

[61] ?????:Cite press release

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[67] Tawfeeq, Mohammed (27 ????? 2018). "Saudi Arabia replaces military commanders in late-night reshuffle" . CNN . https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/27/middleeast/saudi-military-posts-intl/index.html . Retrieved on
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[68] "BDF Commander-in-Chief meets new Joint Peninsula Shield Forces Commander" . Bahrain News Agency . 21 ??? 2014 . http://bna.bh/portal/en/news/618909 . Retrieved on
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[69] Narayan, Chandrika (5 ????? 2017). "Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri resigns" . CNN . http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/04/middleeast/lebanese-prime-minister-saad-hariri-resigns/index.html . Retrieved on
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[70] Karam, Zeina (4 ????? 2017). " Lebanon's prime minister just resigned 'over plot to target his life' ". The Independent . https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/lebanon-prime-minister-saad-hariri-resignation-resigns-quits-future-movement-surprise-latest-a8037266.html . Retrieved on
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[71] Henderson, Simon (21 ????? 2014). "Saudi Arabia's Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Challenges" . Washington Institute for Near East Policy . http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/saudi-arabias-domestic-and-foreign-intelligence-challenges . Retrieved on
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[awsat_commander_alAzima-73] Al Saeri, Muqbil (???? 2011). " A talk with Peninsula Shield force commander Mutlaq bin Salem Al Azima ". Asharq Al-Awsat . https://www.webcitation.org/5xYJcDTUV?url=http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=3&id=24676 . Retrieved on
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[wp-76] Rubin, Jennifer (6 ????? 2016). "The Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy war" . https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2016/01/06/the-iran-saudi-arabia-proxy-war/ . Retrieved on
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[77] Mabon, Simon. "The Battle for Bahrain: Iranian-Saudi Rivalry" . https://web.archive.org/web/20190822020418/https://www.mepc.org/battle-bahrain-iranian-saudi-rivalry . Retrieved on
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[78] Panda, Ankit (22 ????? 2016). "Why Is Pakistan Interested in Brokering Peace Between Iran and Saudi Arabia?" . http://thediplomat.com/2016/01/why-is-pakistan-interested-in-brokering-peace-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia/ . Retrieved on
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[79] Seerat, Rustam Ali (14 ????? 2016). "Iran and Saudi Arabia in Afghanistan" . http://thediplomat.com/2016/01/iran-and-saudi-arabia-in-afghanistan/ . Retrieved on
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[80] Dorsey, James (19 ????? 2018). " Expanding Regional Rivalries: Saudi Arabia and Iran battle it out in Azerbaijan ". International Policy Digest . https://intpolicydigest.org/2018/02/19/expanding-regional-rivalries-saudi-arabia-and-iran-battle-it-out-in-azerbaijan/ . Retrieved on
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[81] See:

[Simpson_2010-82] ??.? ^??.? Simpson Jr., George L. (1 ???? 2010). Russian and Chinese Support for Tehran . http://www.meforum.org/2690/russian-chinese-support-for-iran . Retrieved on
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[83] Miglietta, John P. (2002). American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945?1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia . Lexington Books. p. 56. ISBN 0-7391-0304-0 .

[gold-76-84] Gold, Dore (2003). Hatred's Kingdom . Washington, DC: Regnery. pp. 75?6. ISBN 978-0-89526-061-1 .

[85] "The Sunni-Shia Divide" . Council on Foreign Relations . https://web.archive.org/web/20170708192227/https://www.cfr.org/peace-conflict-and-human-rights/sunni-shia-divide/p33176#!/ . Retrieved on
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[86] Amiri, Reza Ekhtiari. The Hajj and Iran's Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia . pp. 678?690.

[87] Gibson, Bryan R. (2010). Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980?1988 . ABC-CLIO . pp. 33?34. ISBN 978-0-313-38610-7 .

[88] Bruno, Greg (13 ?????? 2011). "State Sponsors: Iran" . Council on Foreign Relations . https://web.archive.org/web/20160507034353/http://www.cfr.org/iran/state-sponsors-iran/p9362 . Retrieved on
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[89] "Saudi-Iranian cold war: stirring up sectarian hostilities" (in en-US). 2016-11-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190630011617/http://mediterraneanaffairs.com/saudi-iranian-sectarian-hostilities/ . Retrieved on
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[90] See:

[Gause_2016-91] Gause III, F. Gregory (??????? 2014). Beyond Sectarianism: The New Middle East Cold War . Brookings Institution . pp. 1, 3.

[92] Farmanfarmaian, Roxane (15 ????? 2012). "Redrawing the Middle East map: Iran, Syria and the new Cold War" . ??????? . http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/2012111311424048459.html . Retrieved on
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[93] "Iran Says It Wants Good Relations With Saudi Arabia, U.A.E." (in en) . https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-zarif-says-wants-good-relations-with-saudi-uae/29915107.html . Retrieved on
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[94] "Iranian President Hassan Rouhani says Saudi Arabia should see attack on oil facilities as a warning to end its Yemen war" . https://web.archive.org/web/20210307223752/https://apnews.com/e5096f2de1514f7ab2c5c72beda10c66 . Retrieved on
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[95] "Iranian Kurds Return to Arms" . Stratfor. 29 ??????? 2016 . https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/iranian-kurds-return-arms . Retrieved on
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[102] Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Why are Pakistani Shiites 'disappearing'? | DW | 09.07.2019" . https://www.dw.com/en/why-are-pakistani-shiites-disappearing/a-49524026 .

[103] ttps://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/59867/1/656976020.pdf

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[105] Fisher, Max (19 ????? 2016). " How the Iranian-Saudi Proxy Struggle Tore Apart the Middle East ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/world/middleeast/iran-saudi-proxy-war.html . Retrieved on
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[110] Hou, Qiang (13 ???? 2015). Bahrain arrests 5 suspects over late ??????? blast, claims Iran's role discovered . http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-08/13/c_134513434.htm .

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[112] "Lebanon: SAG FM says UN peace keeping force needed now" . WikiLeaks. 14 ??? 2008 . https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH768_a.html . Retrieved on
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[114] Sifton, John (6 ??????? 2005). "Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity" . ?????? ???? ?????? . https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2005/07/06/blood-stained-hands . Retrieved on
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[rand_2014-115] Nader, Alireza; Scotten, Ali G.; Rahmani, Ahmad Idrees; Stewart, Robert; Mahnad, Leila (2014). Iran's Influence in Afghanistan: Implications for the U.S. Drawdown . RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-8592-4 .

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[117] Forward, Pakistan. "Iran manipulates Pakistani Shia to satisfy 'nefarious' geopolitical agenda" . http://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2018/02/16/feature-01 .

[118] Forward, Pakistan. "Pakistani pilgrims are being recruited into Iran's mercenary groups" . http://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2017/09/26/feature-01 .

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