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?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??, ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???
[3]
[4]
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[5]
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- ↑
See diagram below.
- ↑
Diamond, Martin (1961) "The Federalist's View of Federalism", in Benson, George (ed.)
Essays in Federalism
, Institute for Studies in Federalism, Claremont, p. 22. Downs, William (2011) "Comparative Federalism, Confederalism, Unitary Systems", in
Ishiyama, John
and Breuning, Marijke (eds)
Twenty-first Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook
, Sage, Los Angeles, Vol. I, pp. 168?169. Hueglin, Thomas and Fenna, Alan (2006)
Comparative Federalism: A Systematic Inquiry
, Broadview, Peterborough, p. 31.
- ↑
See Law, John (2013), p. 104.
http://www.on-federalism.eu/attachments/169_download.pdf
Archived
2015-07-15 at the
Wayback Machine
.
This author identifies two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether
sovereignty
(conceived in its core meaning of ultimate authority) resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples). This is determined by the absence or presence of a unilateral right of secession for the parts. The structures are termed, respectively, the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union).