????????????

???????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ^[1] ???????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ^[2] ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? '????????????' ???? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? '????' ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? '????????????' ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ^[3]

???? "????????????" ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? , ???????? ?????? , ??? , ???? , ???????? , ^[4] ??? , ?????? , ???? , ??? ????? ????? ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ^[8]

5 ??, 2019 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ^[9] ^[10]

???????? [ ???? ]

?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ^[8] ^[11] ???? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???-???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??, ^[12] ??? ??????????? ???? ???-??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???????? ????, ???????, ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????, ????????? (??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??) ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ^[13] ^[14]

?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? :

'????????????' ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????-??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??, ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ^[8]

??????????? ???? ????? ??? [ ???? ]

???? ''???????????" "????? ???" ???? ??? ???? ??? '???????????' ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? '???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ^[8] ????? ???? ???? ???????, ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? '?? ???? ????' ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??, ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????, ???-????-??? ??????-????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??, ??? 2019 ????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ^[15] ^[16]

???? ???? ?????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? '??, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??. ?????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ^[17] ????? ????????, ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??, ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????, ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ? ^[18] ^[19]

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??, ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ^[20] ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? "????" ???? ?????? ????? ???

?????? [ ???? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ^[21] ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? , ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? 2018 ???, ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? "??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????-????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? "? ^[22]

????? ???? [ ???? ]

2017 ????, ???????? ??? ????? (????????) ??????? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????, ??????? ?? ???-??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ^[23] ^[24] ^[25] ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? , ??????? ??? '?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???

??????? [ ???? ]

?????? [ ???? ]

??.?? ????, ????????????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? "???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??, ?? ?? ????, ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? " ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ^[26]

???? [ ???? ]

???????? ?? ???-??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??, ??????? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????: ??? ????, ??????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????, ????? ????, ?????? ?????, ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ^[27]

↑ Singer, P. W. (Peter Warren) (March 2014). Cybersecurity and cyberwar : what everyone needs to know . Friedman, Allan. Oxford. ISBN 9780199918096 . OCLC 802324804 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )
↑ "Cyberwar - does it exist?" . NATO . 2019-06-13 . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ Lucas, George (2017). Ethics and Cyber Warfare: The Quest for Responsible Security in the Age of Digital Warfare . Oxford. p. 6 . ISBN 9780190276522 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )
↑ "Pakistan bots wage cyber warfare" . Indiatoday (in ????????) . Retrieved 2019-08-19 .
↑ "Advanced Persistent Threat Groups" . FireEye (in ????????) . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ "APT trends report Q1 2019" . securelist.com . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ "GCHQ" . www.gchq.gov.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Cyber warfare : a multidisciplinary analysis . Green, James A., 1981-. London. 7 November 2016. ISBN 9780415787079 . OCLC 980939904 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) CS1 maint: others ( link )
↑ Newman, Lily Hay (2019-05-06). "What Israel's Strike on Hamas Hackers Means For Cyberwar" . Wired . ISSN 1059-1028 . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ Liptak, Andrew (2019-05-05). "Israel launched an airstrike in response to a Hamas cyberattack" . The Verge . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .
↑ Robinson, Michael; Jones, Kevin; Helge, Janicke (2015). "Cyber Warfare Issues and Challenges" . Computers and Security . 49 : 70?94. doi : 10.1016/j.cose.2014.11.007 . Retrieved 2020-01-07 .
↑ Shakarian, Paulo. (2013). Introduction to cyber-warfare : a multidisciplinary approach . Shakarian, Jana., Ruef, Andrew. Amsterdam [Netherlands]: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, an imprint of Elsevier. ISBN 9780124079267 . OCLC 846492852 .
↑ Blitz, James (1 November 2011). "Security: A huge challenge from China, Russia and organised crime" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 6 June 2015 . Retrieved 6 June 2015 .
↑ Arquilla, John (1999). "Can information warfare ever be just?" . Ethics and Information Technology . 1 (3): 203?212. doi : 10.1023/A:1010066528521 .
↑ "US 'launched cyber-attack on Iran weapons systems' " (in ???????? (???????)). 2019-06-23 . Retrieved 2019-08-09 .
↑ Barnes, Julian E.; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (2019-06-22). "U.S. Carried Out Cyberattacks on Iran" . The New York Times (in ???????? (??????)). ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-08-09 .
↑ Weinberger, Sharon (4 October 2007). "How Israel Spoofed Syria's Air Defense System" . Wired .
↑ "Latest viruses could mean 'end of world as we know it,' says man who discovered Flame" , The Times of Israel , 6 June 2012
↑ "Cyber espionage bug attacking Middle East, but Israel untouched ? so far" , The Times of Israel , 4 June 2013
↑ "A Note on the Laws of War in Cyberspace" Archived 2015-11-07 at the Wayback Machine ., James A. Lewis, April 2010
↑ "Russian military admits significant cyber-war effort" . bbc.com . 21 February 2017.
↑ Carter, Nicholas (22 January 2018). "Dynamic Security Threats and the British Army" . RUSI. Archived from the original on 29 ???? 2018 . Retrieved 17 ?????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ "NotPetya: virus behind global attack 'masquerades' as ransomware but could be more dangerous, researchers warn" . 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 ????? 2020 . Retrieved 11 August 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ "NotPetya ransomware outbreak cost Merck more than $300M per quarter" . TechRepublic (in ????????) . Retrieved 2018-07-11 .
↑ "Cyberattack Hits Ukraine Then Spreads Internationally" (in ????????) . Retrieved 2018-07-11 .
↑ "Cyber-War Nominee Sees Gaps in Law" , The New York Times , 14 April 2010
↑ Lin, Tom C. W. (14 April 2016). "Financial Weapons of War". Minnesota Law Review . 100 : 1377?1440. SSRN 2765010 .

[1] Singer, P. W. (Peter Warren) (March 2014). Cybersecurity and cyberwar : what everyone needs to know . Friedman, Allan. Oxford. ISBN 9780199918096 . OCLC 802324804 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )

[2] "Cyberwar - does it exist?" . NATO . 2019-06-13 . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[3] Lucas, George (2017). Ethics and Cyber Warfare: The Quest for Responsible Security in the Age of Digital Warfare . Oxford. p. 6 . ISBN 9780190276522 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )

[4] "Pakistan bots wage cyber warfare" . Indiatoday (in ????????) . Retrieved 2019-08-19 .

[5] "Advanced Persistent Threat Groups" . FireEye (in ????????) . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[6] "APT trends report Q1 2019" . securelist.com . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[7] "GCHQ" . www.gchq.gov.uk . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[:0-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Cyber warfare : a multidisciplinary analysis . Green, James A., 1981-. London. 7 November 2016. ISBN 9780415787079 . OCLC 980939904 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) CS1 maint: others ( link )

[9] Newman, Lily Hay (2019-05-06). "What Israel's Strike on Hamas Hackers Means For Cyberwar" . Wired . ISSN 1059-1028 . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[10] Liptak, Andrew (2019-05-05). "Israel launched an airstrike in response to a Hamas cyberattack" . The Verge . Retrieved 2019-05-10 .

[Robinson-11] Robinson, Michael; Jones, Kevin; Helge, Janicke (2015). "Cyber Warfare Issues and Challenges" . Computers and Security . 49 : 70?94. doi : 10.1016/j.cose.2014.11.007 . Retrieved 2020-01-07 .

[:1-12] Shakarian, Paulo. (2013). Introduction to cyber-warfare : a multidisciplinary approach . Shakarian, Jana., Ruef, Andrew. Amsterdam [Netherlands]: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, an imprint of Elsevier. ISBN 9780124079267 . OCLC 846492852 .

[13] Blitz, James (1 November 2011). "Security: A huge challenge from China, Russia and organised crime" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 6 June 2015 . Retrieved 6 June 2015 .

[14] Arquilla, John (1999). "Can information warfare ever be just?" . Ethics and Information Technology . 1 (3): 203?212. doi : 10.1023/A:1010066528521 .

[15] "US 'launched cyber-attack on Iran weapons systems' " (in ???????? (???????)). 2019-06-23 . Retrieved 2019-08-09 .

[16] Barnes, Julian E.; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (2019-06-22). "U.S. Carried Out Cyberattacks on Iran" . The New York Times (in ???????? (??????)). ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-08-09 .

[17] Weinberger, Sharon (4 October 2007). "How Israel Spoofed Syria's Air Defense System" . Wired .

[Kaspersky1-18] "Latest viruses could mean 'end of world as we know it,' says man who discovered Flame" , The Times of Israel , 6 June 2012

[Kaspersky2-19] "Cyber espionage bug attacking Middle East, but Israel untouched ? so far" , The Times of Israel , 4 June 2013

[20] "A Note on the Laws of War in Cyberspace" Archived 2015-11-07 at the Wayback Machine ., James A. Lewis, April 2010

[21] "Russian military admits significant cyber-war effort" . bbc.com . 21 February 2017.

[22] Carter, Nicholas (22 January 2018). "Dynamic Security Threats and the British Army" . RUSI. Archived from the original on 29 ???? 2018 . Retrieved 17 ?????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[23] "NotPetya: virus behind global attack 'masquerades' as ransomware but could be more dangerous, researchers warn" . 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 ????? 2020 . Retrieved 11 August 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[24] "NotPetya ransomware outbreak cost Merck more than $300M per quarter" . TechRepublic (in ????????) . Retrieved 2018-07-11 .

[25] "Cyberattack Hits Ukraine Then Spreads Internationally" (in ????????) . Retrieved 2018-07-11 .

[NYT-26] "Cyber-War Nominee Sees Gaps in Law" , The New York Times , 14 April 2010

[ssrn.com-27] Lin, Tom C. W. (14 April 2016). "Financial Weapons of War". Minnesota Law Review . 100 : 1377?1440. SSRN 2765010 .

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