???????? ??????

????????? ??????? ???, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? '?? ???-?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? - ???????? ?? ?????????, ???????? , ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????-??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ^[1]^[2] ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ^[3] ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? (?????????) ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??, ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? (1891-1937) ????? ????? ???? ??? ???

??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? '????????? ??????' ?????? ?????? ???? '????????' - hegemonia (?γεμον?α) ?? ??? '?????' ??? '?????' ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ??-???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? - hegemon (?????? ????) ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? '?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? - ????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ^[4]^[5]

?????? [ ???? ]

??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????, ?????? ???? ???????? - hegemonia (?γεμον?α) ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? :

??????? ????? ??? (8??? ??? ?.??. ? 6??? ??? ?. ??.), ?γεμον?α (????????) ?? ??????-??? ?? ????? ???????-????? ???? ?????-????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????-????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? (338 ?.??.) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? II ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ^[3]
19 ??? ??? ????, ?????? (?????) ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??-???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ???????, ?????, ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ^[6]
20 ??? ??? ???, ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? (?????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????, ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? '?? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????-??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????, ????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ^[7] ^[8]

??????? ??? [ ???? ]

1848 ???, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????, ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ???????? (?????, ????????, ??????) ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??, ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? (??????? ??? ???????) ??? ??????? ?????? ???

?? ??, ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? (War of Position) ?? ???????? ?????? (War of Manœuvre) ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????

??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? "????? ????" ( ???? ??? ?????? ) ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? "?????? ????" ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??, ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ???? (?????? ????????? ??????) ????? ???? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ( ???????? , ???????, ????????? ???) ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????-???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????-????? ??????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ??????? ??? '?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????

??? ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????-??? ????? ??, ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???

???????? ?? ?????? [ ???? ]

??? ?? ?????????? ????? [ ???? ]

????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ^[9] ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? (????? ??? ????) ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???

???????? ?? ???? ?????? (1968) ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ??? ???? ??: ^[10]

??????,
??????? (?????? ????????),
???????,
???????,
???????? (???????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??),
???? ??????,
?????? (?????, ?????, ??.?? ???)
???????? (?????, ???, ???, ???)

??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? "????? ?? ????" ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? "?? '??????' ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? [????????] ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? '??????' ?? '??????' ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? '????? ???' ?? ????????? '?? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? '???????' ???" ^[11]

?? ?? ???? [ ???? ]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Bullock, Alan; Trombley, Stephen, Editors (1999), The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought Third Edition, pp. 387?88.
↑ Compare: Comaroff, Jean ; Comaroff, John L. (2008) [1991]. Of Revelation and Revolution . ATLA Special Series. Vol. 1: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780226114477 . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . Typically [...] the making of hegemony involves the assertion of control over various modes of symbolic production: over such things as educational and ritual processses, patterns of socialization, political and legal procedures, canons of style and self-representation, public communication, health and bodily discipline, and so on.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 The Columbia Encyclopedia , Fifth Edition. (1994), p. 1215.
↑ Compare: Hassig, Ross (2014) [1994]. "Mesoamerica and the Aztecs". Mexico and the Spanish Conquest (2 ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780806182087 . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . The more a hegemonic empire relies on power (the perception that one can enforce one's desired goals) rather than force (direct physical action to compel one's goals, the more efficient it is, because the subordinates police themselves.
↑ Ross Hassig, Mexico and the Spanish Conquest (1994), pp. 23?24.
↑ Bullock & Trombley 1999 .
↑ Clive Upton, William A. Kretzschmar, Rafal Konopka: Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English . Oxford University Press (2001)
↑ Oxford English Dictionary
↑ Althusser, Louis (2014). On The Reproduction of Capitalism . London/ New York: Verso. pp. 74 ?75, 103?47, 177, 180, 198?206, 218?31, 242?6. ISBN 9781781681640 .
↑ Althusser, Louis (2014). On the Reproduction of Capitalism . London/ New York: Verso. p. 243 . ISBN 9781781681640 .
↑ Althusser, Louis (2014). On the Reproduction of Capitalism . London/New York: Verso. pp. 222 ?223.

??? ????? [ ???? ]

Beech, Dave; Andy Hewitt; Mel Jordan (2007). The Free Art Collective Manifesto for a Counter-Hegemonic Art . England: Free Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9554748-0-4 . OCLC 269432294 .
The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought , 1999 .
Flank, Lenny (2007). Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony: Marxism, Capitalism, and Their Relation to Sexism, Racism, Nationalism, and Authoritarianism . St. Petersburg, Florida : Red and Black Publishers. ISBN 978-0-9791813-7-5 . OCLC 191763227 .
Gramsci, Antonio (1992), Prison notebooks , New York City: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-10592-7 , OCLC 24009547
Abercrombie, Nicholas; Turner, Bryan S. (June 1978). "The Dominant Ideology Thesis". The British Journal of Sociology . 29 (2): 149?70. doi : 10.2307/589886 . JSTOR 589886 .
Anderson, Perry (1977). "The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci" (PDF) . New Left Review (100). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-18 . Retrieved 2020-12-15 . {{ cite journal }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

????? ????? [ ???? ]

Gramsci (archive) , Marxists .
International Gramsci society .
journal , UOW, archived from the original on 2012-11-28 , retrieved 2020-12-15 .
Rethinking Marxism .
Rethinking Marxism: Association for economic & social analysis , EI Net, archived from the original (review) on 2013-02-21 , retrieved 2020-12-15
Prison notebooks , Marxists .
Prison notebooks , Marxists .

[1] Bullock, Alan; Trombley, Stephen, Editors (1999), The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought Third Edition, pp. 387?88.

[2] Compare: Comaroff, Jean ; Comaroff, John L. (2008) [1991]. Of Revelation and Revolution . ATLA Special Series. Vol. 1: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780226114477 . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . Typically [...] the making of hegemony involves the assertion of control over various modes of symbolic production: over such things as educational and ritual processses, patterns of socialization, political and legal procedures, canons of style and self-representation, public communication, health and bodily discipline, and so on.

[TheColumbia-3] 3.0 ^3.1 The Columbia Encyclopedia , Fifth Edition. (1994), p. 1215.

[4] Compare: Hassig, Ross (2014) [1994]. "Mesoamerica and the Aztecs". Mexico and the Spanish Conquest (2 ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780806182087 . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . The more a hegemonic empire relies on power (the perception that one can enforce one's desired goals) rather than force (direct physical action to compel one's goals, the more efficient it is, because the subordinates police themselves.

[5] Ross Hassig, Mexico and the Spanish Conquest (1994), pp. 23?24.

[FOOTNOTEBullockTrombley1999-6] Bullock & Trombley 1999 .

[7] Clive Upton, William A. Kretzschmar, Rafal Konopka: Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English . Oxford University Press (2001)

[8] Oxford English Dictionary

[9] Althusser, Louis (2014). On The Reproduction of Capitalism . London/ New York: Verso. pp. 74 ?75, 103?47, 177, 180, 198?206, 218?31, 242?6. ISBN 9781781681640 .

[10] Althusser, Louis (2014). On the Reproduction of Capitalism . London/ New York: Verso. p. 243 . ISBN 9781781681640 .

[11] Althusser, Louis (2014). On the Reproduction of Capitalism . London/New York: Verso. pp. 222 ?223.

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