??????? ???

??????? ???
??????? ???
	??????? ???
	??????? ???
????	9°35′N 76°25′E / 9.583°N 76.417°E
Primary inflows	Achenkovil , Manimala , Meenachil , Muvattupuzha , Pamba , Periyar
Primary outflows	several canals
Basin countries	????
??? ??? ??? ?????	96.5 km (60.0 mi)
??? ??? ??? ?????	14 km (8.7 mi)
Surface area	230 km 2 (89 sq mi)
??? ??? ??? ??????	12 m (39 ft)
Surface elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Islands	??????? , [[???????? ], ????????
Settlements	??????? , ????? , ????? , ??????

??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??, ^[1] ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 230 ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? 96.5 ???????? ??? ^[2] ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? , ?????? , ?????????? , ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? , ??????? , ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? , ???????? , ????? , ????????? , ??????? , ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???

??????? , ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??, ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ^[3] ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? '???

??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???

??????? [ ???? ]

??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? '?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? '?? 2004 ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ? ^[4]

???????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ( ?????? ???? ???????? ) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???

??? ??????? [ ???? ]

??? ?? ????? ??? '?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???

?????? ??? [ ???? ]

???? ??? ????? ?? ???? , ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??, ^[5] ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? (??? ?????? ???? ???? ??) ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??, ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ^[6]

??? ???? [ ???? ]

??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? Kakkathuroth ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???

??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? 196 ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? 29 ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????, ???????, ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? 30 ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????-???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? 209 ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???

??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ? ^[7] ?? 20,000 ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ^[8] ??? ?? ???????? '?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????-???? ???? ????????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? , ???????, ??????? ?????????, ???? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???-????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???

???? [ ???? ]

??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????? 100 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? '?? ????? 16 ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Ayub, Akber (ed), Kerala: Maps & More , 2006 edition 2007 reprint, p. 48, Stark World Publishing, Bangalore, ISBN 81-902505-2-3
↑ "Fauna of Vembanad lake" (PDF) .
↑ Press Trust of India (1 June 2020). "Kerala Boat Ferries Lone Passenger To Help Her Take Exam" . NDTV . Retrieved 17 November 2020 .
↑ "Boat driver held for misbehaving with tourist" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 2013-10-25.
↑ "VEMBANAD LAKE | Kottayam District, Government of Kerala | India" (in ???????? (??????)) . Retrieved 2022-11-22 .
↑ "VEMBANAD LAKE | Kottayam District, Government of Kerala | India" (in ???????? (??????)) . Retrieved 2022-11-22 .
↑ "The List of Wetlands of International Importance" (PDF) . The Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-01-02 . Retrieved 2008-01-07 .
↑ "Vembanad - Kol Wetland" . World Wildlife Fund. 2006-05-24. Archived from the original on 2008-02-17 . Retrieved 2008-01-23 .

????? ???? [ ???? ]

Vembanad Lake ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??

[1] Ayub, Akber (ed), Kerala: Maps & More , 2006 edition 2007 reprint, p. 48, Stark World Publishing, Bangalore, ISBN 81-902505-2-3

[2] "Fauna of Vembanad lake" (PDF) .

[3] Press Trust of India (1 June 2020). "Kerala Boat Ferries Lone Passenger To Help Her Take Exam" . NDTV . Retrieved 17 November 2020 .

[4] "Boat driver held for misbehaving with tourist" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 2013-10-25.

[5] "VEMBANAD LAKE | Kottayam District, Government of Kerala | India" (in ???????? (??????)) . Retrieved 2022-11-22 .

[6] "VEMBANAD LAKE | Kottayam District, Government of Kerala | India" (in ???????? (??????)) . Retrieved 2022-11-22 .

[7] "The List of Wetlands of International Importance" (PDF) . The Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-01-02 . Retrieved 2008-01-07 .

[8] "Vembanad - Kol Wetland" . World Wildlife Fund. 2006-05-24. Archived from the original on 2008-02-17 . Retrieved 2008-01-23 .

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