???? ????? (????????)

???? ?????
???? ?????
	1980 ??? ???? ??? ?????
???	???? ?????? ; 9 ??????, 1921 ; ?????, ???????, ?? ???
???	11 ?????, 2005 (83 ???) ; ?????, ???????, ?? ???
???	????? ???? ??? ??????, ??????, ???????
??????????	??????
???? ????	?????? ?????
	??????? ?????
????	Aerospace engineering , mathematician
?????	NASA

???? ?????? ????? (9 ??????, 1921 - ????? 11, 2005) ?? ?????? ?????? ????-??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? (????) ???? ??, ??? ???? 1958 ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????????? (????) ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1958 ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???

???? ???? 34 ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ??????, ???????????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? '?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????

????? ?? ????? ???-????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????: ???????-?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? (2016) ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????

????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????? ?? ??? 9 ??????, 1921 ??? ??? (???? ????) ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? George P. Phenix ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????

???? ????? ?? 1942 ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ^[1]

????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? 1970 ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???

????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? 11 ????? 2005 ??? 83 ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???

????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ??? ????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????

1943 ??, ?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ?? ??, ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??; ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 1951 ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???

1951 ???? ????? ??? ????????? (????) ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ???? 1958 ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????????? (????) ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????

1953 ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 4 ????? 4 ???? (1.2 ????? 1.2 ????), 60,000 ???? ????? (45,000 ???????) ???? ???? ?? ???? ' ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??-???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??? 1958 ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????-???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ^[2]

????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??: ?????????????? ????? ???????, ???-???? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ???????????? ???????, ??? ??????-????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? NASA ??? ???? ?? 12 ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ^[3]^[4]^[5]

???? ???? 34 ??? ????, ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? '?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? 1985 ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????

?????? [ ???? ]

2016 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? '?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ^[6]

??? 2018 ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? (????? ?? ?? ????? ??)? ^[7]

????? ??? ????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ???????? ?????, 1969
????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????, ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????
1972 ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????,
1975 ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ? ???,
1976 ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??, 1 ???? ???????? ?????,
1976 ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????,
1976 ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? "???? ??? ????? ?????"
?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????, 1976-1977

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Warren, Wini (1999). Black Women Scientists in the United States . Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press. p. 126 . ISBN 978-0-253-33603-3 .
↑ Loff, Sarah (2016-11-22). "Mary Jackson Biography" . NASA (in ????????). Archived from the original on 2016-12-17 . Retrieved 2017-02-02 .
↑ Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (September 1958), Effects of Nose Angle and Mach Number on Transition on Cones at Supersonic Speeds (NACA TN 4388) , National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics , retrieved January 3, 2017
↑ Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (January 1961), Effects of Cone Angle, Mach Number, and Nose Blunting on Transition at Supersonic Speeds (NASA TN D-634) , NASA Langley Research Center , retrieved January 3, 2017 {{ citation }}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified ( help )
↑ Jackson, Mary W.; Czarnecki, K. R. (July 1961), Boundary-Layer Transition on a Group of Blunt Nose Shapes at a Mach Number of 2.20 (NASA TN D-932) , NASA Langley Research Center , retrieved January 3, 2017 {{ citation }}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified ( help )
↑ Buckley, Cara (May 20, 2016). "Uncovering a Tale of Rocket Science, Race and the '60s" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved August 16, 2016 .
↑ 8:02 AM ET. "A School Goes From Andrew Jackson To Mary Jackson" . NPR . Retrieved 2018-02-11 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

[:3-1] Warren, Wini (1999). Black Women Scientists in the United States . Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press. p. 126 . ISBN 978-0-253-33603-3 .

[2] Loff, Sarah (2016-11-22). "Mary Jackson Biography" . NASA (in ????????). Archived from the original on 2016-12-17 . Retrieved 2017-02-02 .

[:1-3] Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (September 1958), Effects of Nose Angle and Mach Number on Transition on Cones at Supersonic Speeds (NACA TN 4388) , National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics , retrieved January 3, 2017

[4] Czarnecki, K. R.; Jackson, Mary W. (January 1961), Effects of Cone Angle, Mach Number, and Nose Blunting on Transition at Supersonic Speeds (NASA TN D-634) , NASA Langley Research Center , retrieved January 3, 2017 {{ citation }}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified ( help )

[5] Jackson, Mary W.; Czarnecki, K. R. (July 1961), Boundary-Layer Transition on a Group of Blunt Nose Shapes at a Mach Number of 2.20 (NASA TN D-932) , NASA Langley Research Center , retrieved January 3, 2017 {{ citation }}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified ( help )

[6] Buckley, Cara (May 20, 2016). "Uncovering a Tale of Rocket Science, Race and the '60s" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved August 16, 2016 .

[7] 8:02 AM ET. "A School Goes From Andrew Jackson To Mary Jackson" . NPR . Retrieved 2018-02-11 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]