????

???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???-??-???? ??????? (????? ?? ?????) ??? ??? ??, ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???-???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? '?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???

??????? [ ???? ]

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????, ????, ????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ????? ????-??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??: ?? -2 ????, ?? -52 ???????????????, ?????? ?? -95 '????', ?????? ?? -22 ?? '???????'; ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??: ???? ??.??.??., ???? ????????, ?????? ??-111, ?????? ?? 88, ????? ?? -17 ?????? ????, ??????????? ?? -24 ???????, ????? ?? -29 ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? -16 '?????' .

??????? [ ???? ]

????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? '?? ?????? ?????' ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??, ??? ???? ????? ' ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??: ???? ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ?????, ?????????, ????? ???, ???? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ????

?????? ????????: ????? ???? -7, ?????-?????? ???? 2000 ??, ??? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ????????: ??????? ??-2 ??????????, ????? ?? 87 ??????, ??????? ?? -47 ???????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? -27.

?????? [ ???? ]

1 ????? 1 9 11 ??? ????? ???? ????-????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? (??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????) ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ^[1] ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??.?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??, ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? '?? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? "???????? ?????? ?????" ??? ???? "????????" ^[2]

???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ????? ????? ??? 1983 ???? ???? ??. ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? 1996 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??????? ????? 2000 ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? -6 ?? ??

?? ????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 21 ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1 999 ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? 2030 ?? ??? ??? - 2040 ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??, ??? 20 -20 ?? ???? ?? -21 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ^[3]^[4] ?????? 2037 ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??. ??????? ?? -21 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? (????? ?? ?.?.-21 ?????????, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ?????) ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???-????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? (????, ??????????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??, ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (GWOT ?? ????) ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? -21 ?? ?????? ??? ??? '?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? (?????? ??? ???? ????? ??)? ^[5]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Johnston, Alan (10 May 2011). "Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era" . BBC News . Retrieved 2011-05-23 .
↑ Stephenson, Charles. A Box of Sand. The Italo-Ottoman War 1911-12 . p. 107. ISBN 978-0-9576892-2-0 .
↑ Tirpak, John A. "The Bomber Roadmap" . Air Force Magazine, June 1999. Retrieved December 30, 2015 ( PDF version )
↑ Shalal, Andrea (February 26, 2016). "New Northrop bomber to be designated B-21 -U.S. Air Force" . yahoo.com . Reuters . Retrieved April 16, 2017 .
↑ Persistence in 2018 bomber

[1] Johnston, Alan (10 May 2011). "Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era" . BBC News . Retrieved 2011-05-23 .

[2] Stephenson, Charles. A Box of Sand. The Italo-Ottoman War 1911-12 . p. 107. ISBN 978-0-9576892-2-0 .

[3] Tirpak, John A. "The Bomber Roadmap" . Air Force Magazine, June 1999. Retrieved December 30, 2015 ( PDF version )

[Shalal-4] Shalal, Andrea (February 26, 2016). "New Northrop bomber to be designated B-21 -U.S. Air Force" . yahoo.com . Reuters . Retrieved April 16, 2017 .

[5] Persistence in 2018 bomber

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[2]

[3]

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