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	???????? (55,000), ??????? (27,000), ???? ?????? (10,000), ?????? (<5,000), ???????? (1,200)
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	all languages of the Khoe , Kx'a , and Tuu language families
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	Khoikhoi , Xhosa , Basters , Griqua

??????? , ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??, ???????? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???

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????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ??????, ????????, ??????, ????????, ?????????, ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????, ???, ???????, ?????, ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ^[1]^[2] ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 1950 ??? 1990 ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 2009 ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 121 ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[3]^[4]^[5] ??? ??? ????? 14 ?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ^[4]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Barnard, Alan (2007). Anthropology and the Bushman . Oxford: Berg. pp. 4?7. ISBN 9781847883308 .
↑ "Who are the San? ? San Map (Click on the image to enlarge)" . WIMSA. Archived from the original on 13 ????? 2014 . Retrieved 13 January 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Connor, Steve (1 May 2009). "World's most ancient race traced in DNA study" . The Independent . Retrieved 19 January 2014 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Gill, Victoria (1 May 2009). "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked" . BBC World News . British Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original (online edition) on 1 ????? 2009 . Retrieved 2009-09-03 . {{ cite news }}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A.; Bodo, J. -M.; Doumbo, O.; Ibrahim, M.; Juma, A. T.; Kotze, M. J.; Lema, G.; Moore, J. H.; Mortensen, H.; Nyambo, T. B.; Omar, S. A.; Powell, K.; Pretorius, G. S.; Smith, M. W.; Thera, M. A.; Wambebe, C.; Weber, J. L.; Williams, S. M. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" . Science . 324 (5930): 1035?44. doi : 10.1126/science.1172257 . PMC 2947357 . PMID 19407144 .

[Barnard-1] Barnard, Alan (2007). Anthropology and the Bushman . Oxford: Berg. pp. 4?7. ISBN 9781847883308 .

[2] "Who are the San? ? San Map (Click on the image to enlarge)" . WIMSA. Archived from the original on 13 ????? 2014 . Retrieved 13 January 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[3] Connor, Steve (1 May 2009). "World's most ancient race traced in DNA study" . The Independent . Retrieved 19 January 2014 .

[Gill-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Gill, Victoria (1 May 2009). "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked" . BBC World News . British Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original (online edition) on 1 ????? 2009 . Retrieved 2009-09-03 . {{ cite news }}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[5] Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A.; Bodo, J. -M.; Doumbo, O.; Ibrahim, M.; Juma, A. T.; Kotze, M. J.; Lema, G.; Moore, J. H.; Mortensen, H.; Nyambo, T. B.; Omar, S. A.; Powell, K.; Pretorius, G. S.; Smith, M. W.; Thera, M. A.; Wambebe, C.; Weber, J. L.; Williams, S. M. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" . Science . 324 (5930): 1035?44. doi : 10.1126/science.1172257 . PMC 2947357 . PMID 19407144 .

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