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????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???-????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???-??? , ???? ???-??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? [1] ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???-??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???-????

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  • ?????????? ?? (electrostatic force) - ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ???
  • ?????? ?? (magnetic force) - ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???

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  • Nave, R. "Electricity and magnetism" . HyperPhysics . Georgia State University . Retrieved 2013-11-12 .

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  1. Ravaioli, Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Eric Michielssen, Umberto (2010). Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics (6th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. p. 13. ISBN   978-0-13-213931-1 . {{ cite book }} : |access-date= requires |url= ( help ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )