??????

????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??

??????? ??? ??? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ^[1] ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ^[2]^[3]^[4]

?????????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ^[5]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/racism
↑ Racism Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ Racism Archived 2016-09-13 at the Wayback Machine . Oxford Dictionaries
↑ "Racism" in R. Schaefer. 2008 Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. SAGE. p. 1113
↑ "???? ???? ????? ???-???? ????? ??????? ????????" . Punjabi Tribune Online (in ?????). 2019-04-13 . Retrieved 2019-04-13 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[1] = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/racism

[2] Racism Encyclopædia Britannica

[3] Racism Archived 2016-09-13 at the Wayback Machine . Oxford Dictionaries

[schaefer-4] "Racism" in R. Schaefer. 2008 Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society. SAGE. p. 1113

[5] "???? ???? ????? ???-???? ????? ??????? ????????" . Punjabi Tribune Online (in ?????). 2019-04-13 . Retrieved 2019-04-13 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]