??? ???????

??? ??????? (????: 唐朝, ??? ??) ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??, ????? ???????? ??? 618 ???? ??? ??? 907 ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? (李) ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 15 ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??, ?? 8 ?????? 690 ??? 3 ???? 705 ??? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ^[1]^[2]

??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 7??? ??? 8??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 5 ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? 9??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? 8 ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? - ???? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????

??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????-???? ???? ?????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? - ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? - ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????-?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????, ???????? ??? ????? - ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? 9?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????

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↑ Imperial tombs in Tang China, 618-907: the politics of paradise , Tonia Eckfeld, Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-415-30220-3
↑ Empress Wu Zetian in fiction and in history: female defiance in Confucian China , Dora Shu-fang Dien, Wu hou (Empress of China), Nova Science Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-59033-804-9

[ref27viyiv-1] Imperial tombs in Tang China, 618-907: the politics of paradise , Tonia Eckfeld, Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-415-30220-3

[ref00qamag-2] Empress Wu Zetian in fiction and in history: female defiance in Confucian China , Dora Shu-fang Dien, Wu hou (Empress of China), Nova Science Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-59033-804-9

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