?????

????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ^[1] ??????? ???? "?????-???? ????" ??? "????-?????? ????" ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????/ ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? '?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??: ??????-???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?

???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? "experience" ?????? ???? ????? ??, ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???

????? ?? ??? '??, ??? ?????? ????????? (????? ?? ???? ???, ???? ???? ???, ??????? ??? ??????????????) ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? (??? ??? "??? ????" ?? ???? ????? ??) ?? ??????????, ?????? ????-?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??: ??????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ???-?????, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???

???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???

????? ???? ?????? [ ???? ]

"?????" ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ??? '?? ??-?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???

??? ?????-????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??, ^[2] ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? (??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??) ???? ???

??? ??? (?????? ??) ?????, ??????, ????????, ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (??????) ???? ?? ???? ???

????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ^[3] ???? ?????? ???, ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? (????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????) ???????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? , ??? , ??????, ????? , ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? '?? ????? ??, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??: ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??, ???????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ^[4]^{[
????? ???????
]}

???????? [ ???? ]

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??? ????????? [ ???? ]

???????? [ ???? ]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Compare various contemporary definitions given in the OED (2nd edition, 1989): "[...] 3. The actual observation of facts or events, considered as a source of knowledge.[...] 4. a. The fact of being consciously the subject of a state or condition, or of being consciously affected by an event. [...] b. In religious use: A state of mind or feeling forming part of the inner religious life; the mental history (of a person) with regard to religious emotion. [...] 6. What has been experienced; the events that have taken place within the knowledge of an individual, a community, mankind at large, either during a particular period or generally. [...] 7. a. Knowledge resulting from actual observation or from what one has undergone. [...] 8. The state of having been occupied in any department of study or practice, in affairs generally, or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, or the length of time during which, one has been so occupied; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. thereby acquired."
↑ Note for example Levitt, Heidi M. (1999). "The Development of Wisdom: An Analysis of Tibetan Buddhist Experience" . Journal of Humanistic Psychology . 39 (2): 86?105. doi : 10.1177/0022167899392006 . Archived from the original on 2009-11-26 . Retrieved 2010-01-21 . Instead of significant events, however, they spoke of gradual experiences, such as learning through teachings day by day. {{ cite journal }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Compare: Popper, Karl R. ; Eccles, John C. (1977). The self and its brain . Berlin: Springer International. p. 425 . ISBN 3-540-08307-3 . You would agree, I think, that in our experience of the world everything comes to us through the senses [...]
↑ Christensen, Scott M.; Turner, Dale R. (1993). Folk psychology and the philosophy of mind . Routledge. p. xxi. ISBN 978-0-8058-0931-2 . Retrieved 2009-12-01 . Some identity theorists originally argued that the identity of brain and mental states held only for a few sensations. Most theorists, however, generalized the view to cover all mental experience.

[1] Compare various contemporary definitions given in the OED (2nd edition, 1989): "[...] 3. The actual observation of facts or events, considered as a source of knowledge.[...] 4. a. The fact of being consciously the subject of a state or condition, or of being consciously affected by an event. [...] b. In religious use: A state of mind or feeling forming part of the inner religious life; the mental history (of a person) with regard to religious emotion. [...] 6. What has been experienced; the events that have taken place within the knowledge of an individual, a community, mankind at large, either during a particular period or generally. [...] 7. a. Knowledge resulting from actual observation or from what one has undergone. [...] 8. The state of having been occupied in any department of study or practice, in affairs generally, or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, or the length of time during which, one has been so occupied; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. thereby acquired."

[2] Note for example Levitt, Heidi M. (1999). "The Development of Wisdom: An Analysis of Tibetan Buddhist Experience" . Journal of Humanistic Psychology . 39 (2): 86?105. doi : 10.1177/0022167899392006 . Archived from the original on 2009-11-26 . Retrieved 2010-01-21 . Instead of significant events, however, they spoke of gradual experiences, such as learning through teachings day by day. {{ cite journal }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[3] Compare: Popper, Karl R. ; Eccles, John C. (1977). The self and its brain . Berlin: Springer International. p. 425 . ISBN 3-540-08307-3 . You would agree, I think, that in our experience of the world everything comes to us through the senses [...]

[4] Christensen, Scott M.; Turner, Dale R. (1993). Folk psychology and the philosophy of mind . Routledge. p. xxi. ISBN 978-0-8058-0931-2 . Retrieved 2009-12-01 . Some identity theorists originally argued that the identity of brain and mental states held only for a few sensations. Most theorists, however, generalized the view to cover all mental experience.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]