???????? ???

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	"Lake Dongting" in Chinese characters
????	洞庭湖
	"Grotto Court Lake"
Hanyu Pinyin
????????????
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Dongting Hu
Wade?Giles	Tung 4 -t'ing 2 Hu 2
IPA	[t?̂ŋ.t?ǐŋ xǔ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Duhng-tihng Wuh
Jyutping	Dung6-ting4 Wu4
Southern Min
Tai-lo	T?ng-ting Oo

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????	29°18′36″N 112°57′00″E / 29.31000°N 112.95000°E
Primary inflows	Yangtze , Xiang , Zi , Yuan , Li
Primary outflows	Yangtze
Basin countries	???
Surface area	2,820 km 2 (1,090 sq mi) ; flood season: 20,000 km 2 (7,700 sq mi)

???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????

???????? ??? ( Chinese : 洞庭湖 ) ????-????? ????? ???? , ??? ???? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??, ???? ???? ????? ???? '?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? '?? ????? ??? ??: ????? ?? ??? ?? "??? ?? ????" ??? ????? , "??? ?? ????"?

???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? , ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???

????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??? ???? ????? (????-???? ?? 洞庭湖 ???? ???? ???? ??? ) (1953)

?????? [ ???? ]

????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? '?? ??? ^[1] ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ( 雲夢大澤 ; Yunmeng daze ??????? ??? '?? "????? ????? ?? ???? ?????"), ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ????-????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ??, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????-???? ??? ?? ???? ????-????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ^[2]

?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????, ????? ???-??-??-???????? ( 八百里洞庭 ) ??? ????? ???? ????????, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? [6] ^[3]

??????? ??? ??????? [ ???? ]

?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? "????????" ?? ??????? ??? ?? "?????? ????", ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??, ????? ?????-???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? [8] ^[4] ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? '?? ??? ???? , ?? ??? (340-278 ?.??.) ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? '?? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?????-???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? '??.

??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????-????? ?? ??? '?? ????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? [10] ??????? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? 1 km (0.62 mi) ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? 72 ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? [11] ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???-????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??, ?????? " ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????" ( ?湘湖南 ; Xi?o-Xi?ng Hunan ) ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ^{[
????? ???????
]}

???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? [12] ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ??? '?? Xiaoxiang ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ^{[
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]} ??? ?? ????? '?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????-?? ???? ???

??? '?? ??????? ????? [ ???? ]

?? ?? ???? [ ???? ]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Zhang Chi 張弛, “The Qujialing-Shijiahe Culture in the Middle Yangzi River Valley,” in A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, ed.
↑ Brian Lander, “State Management of River Dikes in Early China: New Sources on the Environmental History of the Central Yangzi Region.”
↑ Peter Perdue, Exhausting the Earth: State and Peasant in Hunan 1500?1850 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ.
↑ Murck, Alfreda (2000). Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent . Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 8?10. ISBN 978-0-674-00782-6 .

???? [ ???? ]

Wei Ming (2013). "Dongting Lake". Famous Lakes in China (in ???????? and ????). Huangshan City, Anhui: Huangshan Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-5461-2500-8 .
Ueki, Hisayuki ; Uno, Naoto ; Matsubara, Akira (1999). Matsuura, Tomohisa (ed.). Kanshi no Jiten 漢詩の事典 (in ?????). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Taish?kan Shoten. OCLC 41025662 .

????? ???? [ ???? ]

Archived 2014-02-26 at the Wayback Machine . ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? : ????? ?????? ???????? ????
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finless porpoise ??? ???????

[1] Zhang Chi 張弛, “The Qujialing-Shijiahe Culture in the Middle Yangzi River Valley,” in A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, ed.

[2] Brian Lander, “State Management of River Dikes in Early China: New Sources on the Environmental History of the Central Yangzi Region.”

[3] Peter Perdue, Exhausting the Earth: State and Peasant in Hunan 1500?1850 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ.

[4] Murck, Alfreda (2000). Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent . Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 8?10. ISBN 978-0-674-00782-6 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

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