?????

????? ????, ???? ?? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??; ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ^[1] ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ??? ????) ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? (??? ????? ?????) ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??; ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??, ???? ????? ???? ????-?????? '?? ????? ????? ??? ???? "???" ?? ?????? ?? - "????" ???, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? (?????, ???????) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???

????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? "???? ????" ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ???, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??, ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? "???????" (?? ??? '?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????) ??? "????????" (????? ???? ??? ????-??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??) ????? ??, ??? "?????" (?????? ?? ?????? ????) ??? ??????

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????-??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ^[2]

??????? ????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??. ?? ???????? ????? (???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????) ???, 2001 ?? ???? 14 (1), ????? ???? ???? ?? ???

??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??? ????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ^[3] ?? ???? ??? 1968 ?? ?????? 8 (1) ????? ???? ???? ??? ???

????? [ ???? ]

???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???

?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ^[4]

???? [ ???? ]

????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? 2003 ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 25 ????? 2006 ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? '?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ^[5]^[6]

????? ??????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? (?????? ???????) 1969 ?? ?????? 8 ????? ????? ??? ???

?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ??? '?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??:

??? ??????
???? ???
?? ?? ???? ??
???? ??????
?? ??? ???
?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???
?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???
???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[7]

????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???

????? [ ???? ]

Matthew Hale. Historia Placitorum Coronae. 1736. 1800 Edition. Volume 1. Chapter XLVI. Pages 532 to 538.

↑ "Carter, Floyd J. vs U.S." June 12, 2000. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006 . Retrieved 2008-05-04 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Criminal Code , RSC 1985, c C-46, ss 343, 344.
↑ The extent of section 8 of the Theft Act 1968 is provided by section 36(3) of that Act.
↑ R v Khan LTL (9 April 2001) and Archbold 2006 21-101.
↑ The Theft Act 1968 , section 8(2)
↑ "Sentencing Guidelines Council" (PDF) . Sentencing-guidelines.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-10 . Retrieved 2012-04-27 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Lafave, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (West 2000) Sec. 8.11

[1] "Carter, Floyd J. vs U.S." June 12, 2000. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006 . Retrieved 2008-05-04 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[2] Criminal Code , RSC 1985, c C-46, ss 343, 344.

[3] The extent of section 8 of the Theft Act 1968 is provided by section 36(3) of that Act.

[4] R v Khan LTL (9 April 2001) and Archbold 2006 21-101.

[5] The Theft Act 1968 , section 8(2)

[6] "Sentencing Guidelines Council" (PDF) . Sentencing-guidelines.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-10 . Retrieved 2012-04-27 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[7] Lafave, Criminal Law 3rd ed. (West 2000) Sec. 8.11

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