?? ??????

?? ??????
?? ??????
???????? ??? ???? ????? (??? ???)
	????? ???? ; 1967?1975
??? ??????	?. ????????
??? ????	?????? ?????
????	????????
????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ????
	????? ???? ; 1957?1967
??? ??????	?? ????????? ?????
??? ????	?? ????????? ?????
????	????
????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ????, ???????
	????? ???? ; 1954?1957
??? ??????	????????? ??? ? ?? ??????? ????????
??? ????	?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????
????	???????
????? ??? ( ????????? ) ?? ???? ?????
	????? ???? ; 1954?1963
??? ??????	?? ?????????????
??? ????	?? ???????????
?????????????? ??? ???? ????? (??? ???)
	????? ???? ; 1952?1954
??? ??????	??? ????
??? ????	?? ?? ??????
????	??????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (?????)
	????? ???? ; 1967?1971
??? ??????	??? ????
??? ????	??????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
	????? ???? ; 1963?1967
??? ??????	???? ????? ????
??? ????	?? ??????????
????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
	????? ???? ; 1946?1952
??? ????	??. ??????????
????? ???????
???	15 ????? 1903 ; ????????? , ???????? , ????
???	2 ?????? 1975 (??? 72) ; ???? , ???????? , ????
??????	?????
????? ?????	?????? ?????? ??????
??????

?????????? ?????? , ??? ?? ?????? , (15 ????? 1903 ^[1] ? 2 October 1975 ^[2]) ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? 1960???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? "Kingmaker" ?? ??? '?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? 1954?1963 ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? 1952?1954 ??? 1969?1975 ?? ???? ????? (??? ???) ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ^[1] ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 60???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???

????? [ ???? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Revised edition of book on Kamaraj to be launched, The Hindu 08 July 2009" . Archived from the original on 10 ?? 2011 . Retrieved 12 ???? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ "Crusading Congressman, Frontline Magazine, 15-28 September 2001" . Archived from the original on 15 ????? 2008 . Retrieved 12 ???? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[hindu1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Revised edition of book on Kamaraj to be launched, The Hindu 08 July 2009" . Archived from the original on 10 ?? 2011 . Retrieved 12 ???? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[frontline1-2] "Crusading Congressman, Frontline Magazine, 15-28 September 2001" . Archived from the original on 15 ????? 2008 . Retrieved 12 ???? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[1]

[2]